The turtle shell. Inside views of the carapacial (left) and plastral (right) skeletons of a hard-shelled turtle, Trachemys scripta elegans (carapace length 7.3 cm). ent, entoplastron; epi, epiplastron; hyo, hyoplastron; hypo, hypoplastron; nu, nuchal plate; pe, peripheral plate; py, pygal plate; r, dorsal ribs; spy, suprapygal plate; v, dorsal vertebrae; xip, xiphiplastron.