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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jul 9.
Published in final edited form as: Chem Res Toxicol. 2011 May 13;24(6):855–865. doi: 10.1021/tx200046s

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Chemical structures of six synthesized xanthanolide sesquiterpene lactones and β-caryophyllene and IC50 values for MDA-MB-231 cell growth inhibition. The exo-methylene lactone moiety, indicated with a gray inclusion, but not the dienone moiety (with a dotted line enclosure) is suggested as important for (−)-xanthatin- and (+)-8-epi-xanthatin-mediated inhibitory effects on MDA-MB-231 cell growth. Inset: MDA-MB-231 cells were exposed to increasing concentrations of compounds listed in the figure. The IC50 values (µM), obtained at 48 h in culture, were determined as described in Materials and Methods. The values indicate the means of three independent experiments performed with five technical replicates. Except for (−)-xanthatin and (+)-8-epi-xanthatin, IC50 values could not be determined due to weak inhibitory activities. The figures in parentheses indicate the percent of cell viability when compared with that of the vehicle-treated group (control as 100%).