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. 2014 Jul 9;5:346. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00346

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Copyright © 2014 Decker, Parsons and Reski.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Physcomitrella patens in vitro cultivation and schematic representation of a knockout construct for gene targeting. (A) young filamentous tissue, protonema, ideal for suspension cultures; (B) adult leafy moss plant (gametophore); (C) protoplasts; (D) small scale liquid culture in flasks; (E) stirred tank bioreactor; (F) wave bioreactor (image courtesy of greenovation Biotech GmbH); (G) illustration of allele replacement via homologous recombination. The regions homologous to the targeted gene, which are used for the knockout construct, are shown in gray, and the inserted selection cassette is depicted in white. Thick lines represent introns and rectangles exons. Scale bars 50 μm (A,B), 500 μm (C).