Table 1. Demographic and clinical characteristics of participants by distance to closest nephrologist.
| Urban | Rural | P | 0–50 km | 50.1–100 km | 100.1–200 km | >200 km | P for trend | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Na | 1,205,760 (88.8) | 151,689 (11.2) | — | 1,097,121 (80.7) | 106,326 (7.8) | 61,068 (4.5) | 94,815 (7.0) | — |
| eGFR, ml/min per 1.73 m2 | ||||||||
| ⩾60 | 1,115,496 (92.5) | 138,365 (91.2) | <0.001 | 1,018,217 (92.8) | 94,658 (89) | 54,604 (89.4) | 88,135 (93.0) | <0.001 |
| 45–59.9 | 61,208 (5.1) | 9054 (6.0) | <0.001 | 54,142 (4.9) | 7701 (7.2) | 4153 (6.8) | 4348 (4.6) | 0.56 |
| 30–44.9 | 22,182 (1.8) | 3238 (2.1) | <0.001 | 19,047 (1.7) | 2977 (2.8) | 1724 (2.8) | 1706 (1.8) | <0.001 |
| 15–29.9 | 6874 (0.6) | 1032 (0.7) | <0.001 | 5715 (0.5) | 990 (0.9) | 587 (1.0) | 626 (0.7) | <0.001 |
| Age, years | 47.7 (36, 59.8) | 51.4 (40.4, 62.8) | <0.001 | 47.6 (36, 59.5) | 53.0 (41.4, 65.4) | 52.2 (39.9, 65) | 47.0 (34.9, 58.2) | <0.001 |
| Male | 560,004 (46.4) | 72,118 (47.5) | <0.001 | 510,735 (46.6) | 49,317 (46.4) | 28,408 (46.5) | 44,527 (47) | 0.02 |
| Aboriginal | 16,296 (1.4) | 10,401 (6.9) | <0.001 | 13,434 (1.2) | 5707 (5.4) | 2070 (3.4) | 5570 (5.9) | <0.001 |
| Social assistance | 36,619 (3) | 3669 (2.4) | <0.001 | 32,882 (3.0) | 3198 (3.0) | 1922 (3.1) | 2325 (2.5) | <0.001 |
| Comorbidities | ||||||||
| Charlson scoreb | 0 (0, 1) | 0 (0, 1) | <0.001 | 0 (0, 1) | 0 (0, 1) | 0 (0, 1) | 0 (0, 1) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes | 94,734 (7.9) | 15,650 (10.3) | <0.001 | 82,451 (7.5) | 12,089 (11.4) | 7087 (11.6) | 8928 (9.4) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 292,255 (24.2) | 44,683 (29.5) | <0.001 | 258,990 (23.6) | 34,818 (32.7) | 19,857 (32.5) | 23,736 (25.0) | <0.001 |
Abbreviations: AIDS, acquired immune deficiency syndrome; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration formula; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; PVD, peripheral vascular disease.
1925 participants could not be classified according to urban or rural status.
Charlson score includes AIDS/HIV, metastatic cancers, non-metastatic cancers, cerebral vascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, dementia, diabetes, heart failure, mild liver disease, moderate/severe liver disease, myocardial infarction, paraplegia, peptic ulcer, peripheral vascular disease, and rheumatological disease. N (%) or the median and inter-quartile range are presented.