Table 2. Demographics and clinical characteristics of study participants.
| All (n=353) | CKD stage 3 (n=175) | CKD stage 4 (n=178) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 59.1±15.5 | 60.7±15.8 | 57.5±15.1 | 0.05 |
| Gender (%) | 0.01 | |||
| Male | 141 (45.6) | 91 (52) | 70 (39.3) | |
| Female | 192 (54.4) | 84 (48) | 108 (60.7) | |
| Diabetics (%) | 225 (63.7) | 114 (65.1) | 111(62.4) | 0.32 |
| Height (m) | 1.59±0.9 | 1.6±0.9 | 1.5±0.9 | 0.65 |
| Weight (kg) | 66.8±14.4 | 67.0±14.9 | 66.7±13.9 | 0.84 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 26.0±5.1 | 25.7±5.0 | 26.4±5.26 | 0.21 |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dl) | 2.29±0.86 | 1.70±0.55 | 2.86±0.72 | 0.001 |
| eGFR (ml/min per 1.73 m2) | 31.7±11.9 | 41.6±8.6 | 21.9±4.2 | 0.001 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 146±30 | 146±31 | 146±30 | 0.97 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 79±14 | 78±15 | 80±14 | 0.36 |
| SystBP⩾140 or diastBP ⩾90 mm Hg (%) | 197 (56.3) | 98 (56.0) | 99 (55.6) | 1.00 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dl) | 11.8±1.8 | 12.5±1.8 | 11.2±1.7 | 0.001 |
| <11 g/dl | 96 (27.7) | 30 (17.6) | 66 (37.5) | 0.001 |
| Serum glucose (mg/dl) | 130±68 | 129±58 | 132±77 | 0.72 |
| >126 mg/dl (%) | 124 (36.4) | 65 (38.2) | 59 (34.5) | 0.50 |
| ⩽130 mg/dl (%) | 229 (67.2) | 109 (64.1) | 120 (70.2) | 0.25 |
| HgbA1c (%)a | 8.5±2.3 | 8.6±2.2 | 8.4±2.4 | 0.82 |
| <7.0 (%) | 20 (25.6) | 32 (86.5) | 26 (63.4) | 0.03 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 188±55 | 185±52 | 186±57 | 0.81 |
| ⩾160 mg/dl | 182 (64.8) | 95 (66.0) | 87 (63.5) | 0.70 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 186±128 | 190±143 | 182±110 | 0.59 |
| ⩾500 mg/dl | 5 (1.8) | 3 (2.1) | 2 (1.5) | 1.00 |
| Serum albumin (g/dl) | 3.5±0.6 | 3.6±0.6 | 3.5±0.6 | 0.14 |
| Serum uric acid (mg/dl) | 6.86±2.0 | 6.75±1.89 | 6.97±2.22 | 0.33 |
| Hyperuricemia (%)b | 150 (46.3) | 77 (46.4) | 73 (46.2) | 0.53 |
| Serum calcium (mg/dl) | 8.9±0.8 | 8.9±0.9 | 8.8±0.7 | 0.21 |
| Within normal range (%) | 169 (76.8) | 85 (80.2) | 84 (73.7) | 0.26 |
| <8.4 mg/dl | 46 (20.9) | 16 (15.1) | 30 (26.3) | 0.04 |
| Serum phosphate (mg/dl) | 4.3±0.8 | 4.2±0.9 | 4.4±0.7 | 0.21 |
| Within normal range (%) | 125 (67.2) | 58 (66.7) | 67 (67.7) | 1.00 |
| >4.6 mg/dl | 57 (30.6) | 25 (28.7) | 32 (32.2) | 0.63 |
| Proteinuria (%) | 171 (52.9) | 69 (44.2) | 102 (61.1) | 0.003 |
Abbreviations: diastBP, diastolic blood pressure; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; systBP, systolic blood pressure.
a
HgbA1c was measured only in diabetic patients.
b
>6.5 mg/dl in females and >7.5 mg/dl in males.