Table 1. Demographic and Preoperative Baseline Characteristics of Patients Undergoing Pulmonary Resection.

Characteristic	Open n = 8439 n (%)	VATS n = 4531 n (%)	Total n = 12970 n (%)	P
Age at time of surgery	n = 8436	n = 4525	n = 12961	0.001
Mean ± SD	66.9 ± 10.4	67.5 ± 10.3	67.1 ± 10.4
Sex	n = 8432	n = 4530	n = 12962	<0.001
Female	4193 (49.7)	2529 (55.8)	6722 (51.9)
Male	4239 (50.3)	2001 (44.2)	6240 (48.1)
Diabetes	n = 8333	n = 4483	n = 12816	0.014
	1384 (16.6)	670 (14.9)	2054 (16.0)
Creatinine ≥ 2.0	195 (2.3)	93 (2.1)	288 (2.2)	0.34
Coronary artery disease	n = 7497	n = 4108	n = 11605	<0.001
	1924 (25.7)	887 (21.6)	2811 (24.2)
Congestive heart failure	n = 7465	n = 4095	n = 11560	0.003
	302 (4.0)	121 (3.0)	423 (3.7)
Current smoker				0.002
Never or past smoker	6118 (72.5)	3399 (75.0)	9517 (73.4)
Current smoker	2321 (27.5)	1132 (25.0)	3453 (26.6)
COPD	n = 2937	n = 2258	n = 5195	<0.001
	1083 (36.9)	730 (32.3)	1813 (34.9)
FEV predicted				<0.001
Mean ± SD	79.3 ± 20.4	83.7 ± 20.9	80.8 ± 20.7
DLCO predicted				<0.001
Mean ± SD	72.4 ± 21.4	74.9 ± 21.8	73.2 ± 21.6
Pathologic stage	n = 8097	n = 4425	n = 12522	<0.001
I	5482 (67.7)	3472 (78.5)	8954 (71.5)
II	1337 (16.5)	474 (10.7)	1811 (14.5)
III	1080 (13.3)	414 (9.4)	1494 (11.9)
IV	198 (2.4)	65 (1.5)	263 (2.1)
Preoperative chemotherapy	n = 7470	n = 4082	n = 11552	<0.001
	1155 (15.5)	327 (8.0)	1482 (12.8)
Preoperative X-ray therapy	n = 7475	n = 4103	n = 11578	<0.001
	890 (11.9)	253 (6.2)	1143 (9.9)