Table 5.

Findings on total treatment failure (TTF), PCR-corrected by day 28.

Study name	Study groups with number of failures	Risk (R)	Risk ratio (RR) (95% CI)	P value	Interpretation for RR values
Bassat et al., 2009 [32]	DP (N/N): 100/1038  AL (n/N): 51/510	0.096  0.010	0.963 (0.699–1.327)	0.819	This means there is 3.7% reduction in risk of failure in favour of DP treatment but the result is not statistically significant. The highest possible reduction in risk was 30.1%, favouring DP.
Yavo et al., 2011 [33]	DP (n/N): 1/191 AL (n/N): 2/183	0.005 0.011	0.479 (0.044–5.238)	0.546	Treatment with DP had contributed to a point estimate of 52.1% reduction in treatment failure, with highest possible reduction of 95.6% but the result is not statistically significant.
Kamya et al., 2007 [30]	DP (n/N): 4/211 AL (n/N): 18/210	0.019 0.087	0.220 (0.076–0.639)	0.005	This result shows that DP treatment was associated with a point estimate reduction of 78% in treatment failure, with lowest and highest of the estimates being 36.1% and 92.4%, respectively, and is statistically significant.
Sawa et al., 2013 [34]	DP (n/N): 0/137 AL (n/N): 2/147	0.000 0.014	0.214 (0.010–4.428)	0.319	DP treatment had contributed to 78.6% reduction in treatment failure but it is not statistically significant. The largest plausible reduction would be 99%.
Adam et al., 2010 [29]	DP (n/N): 0/75 AL (n/N): 1/74	0.000 0.014	0.329 (0.014–7.947)	0.494	Result shows a statistically insignificant difference between DP and AL treatment in preventing treatment failure but indicates that there was a 67.1% risk of failure reduction in favour of DP treatment (1 > RR, 1 − RR = 1 − 0.329 = 0.671 × 100 = 67.1%).
Yeka et al., 2008 [35]	DP (n/N): 2/211 AL (n/N): 6/190	0.009 0.032	0.300 (0.061–1.469)	0.138	Result is not significant statistically but there was a reduction in failure in favour of DP treatment of 70%. The highest reduction possible was 93.9% in favour of DP treatment of falciparum malaria.