Table 1. Preoperative Patient Characteristics.
| Variables | Mean ± SD or % (No.) |
|---|---|
| Age, age | 64 ± 14 |
| Male sex | 59 (196) |
| White race | 64 (214) |
| Hypertension | 86 (287) |
| Diabetes | 13 (44) |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 28 ± 6 |
| Smoker | 61 (204) |
| COPD | 29 (96) |
| History of stroke/TIA | 12 (39) |
| Coronary artery disease | 31 (104) |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 29 (96) |
| Ejection fraction | 0.54 ± 0.04 |
| Preoperative hemoglobin, g/dL | 12 ± 2 |
| Baseline creatinine > 1.5 mg/dL | 28 (94) |
| Previous aortic operation | 46 (153) |
| Connective tissue disease | 3 (11) |
| ASA class 4 | 46 (154) |
ASA = American Society of Anesthesiologists; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; SD = standard deviation; TIA = transient ischemic attack.