Table 9. Group comparisons of mean reported energy intakes and calculated adherence scores per diet group for all lengths of follow-up.
| Study ID | Length of follow-up (weeks) | Energy prescription in both groups in kJ | Mean reported energy intake (SD) in kJ | Group comparison of mean reported energy intake reported by trial authors | Adherence scoresa for macronutrients | ||
| Low CHO diet group | Balanced diet group | Low CHO diet group | Balanced diet group | ||||
| Aude 2004 | 12 | 6720 (m); 5460 (f) | – | – | NA | – | – |
| Brinkworth 2004 | all | equivalent | – | – | NA | – | – |
| De Luis 2009 | 12 | 6330 | 6502 (NR) | 6775 (NR) | – | – | – |
| De Luis 2012 | 12 | 6300–6329 | 6598 (NR) | 6779 (NR) | – | – | – |
| Farnsworth 2003 | 12 | 6000–6300 | 6300 (529) | 6500 (539) | “did not differ” | ||
| 16 | balance | 8000 (1058) | 8200 (1077) | “did not differ” | 5.93 | 4.00 | |
| Frisch 2009 | 24 | 2100 deficit | 7316 (2621) | 7489 (2507) | p = 0.636 | 5.96 | 6.13 |
| 52 | 7837 (2982) | 7787 (2621) | p = 0.903 | 7.08 | 5.19 | ||
| Guldbrand 2012 | 12–24 | 7531 (m); 6694 (f) | 5791 (1531) | 6498 (1787) | p = 0.065 for change | 7.87 | 8.54 |
| 52 | 6017 (2075) | 6619 (2075) | over all time points | ||||
| 104 | 5234 (1799) | 6104 (1891) | between groups | 13.89 | 9.49 | ||
| Keogh 2008 | 12 | 6000 | 6242 (4576) | 6262 (3876) | “did not differ” | 6.81 | 7.15 |
| 52 | – | – | NA | – | – | ||
| Klemsdal 2010 | All | 2100 deficit | – | – | NA | – | – |
| Krauss 2006 | 12 | 4200 deficit | – | – | NA | – | – |
| Krebs 2012 | 12 | 2000 deficit | 7400 (3057) | 6815 (1841) | 9.71 | 8.32 | |
| 52 | 7258 (2098) | 6784 (1792) | p = 0.012 | ||||
| 104 | 7170 (1974) | 7093 (1851) | over 104 weeks | 11.24 | 8.71 | ||
| Larsen 2011 | 12 | 6400 or 30% restriction | 6449 (2652) | 6029 (2652) | p = 0.22 for “group by | 1.85 | 8.37 |
| 52 | balance | 6664 (3233) | 6628 (3233) | time interaction” | 4.00 | 8.09 | |
| Lasker 2008 | 16 | 7100 | 6607 (1175) | 5875 (1955) | p>0.10 | 2.45 | 8.77 |
| Layman 2009 | 16 | 7100 | 6730 (1659) | 6200 (1714) | p>0.05 | 3.16 | 6.93 |
| 52 | 7118 (1793) | 6800 (1917) | p>0.05 | 6.32 | 4.69 | ||
| Lim 2010 | 12 | 6500 | 7706 (868) | 7659 (1044) | – | ||
| 24 | 7367 (1372) | 6449 (1668) | 11.10 | 2.77 | |||
| 52 | 7726 (1609) | 7124 (2287) | |||||
| 64 | 6841 (1348) | 6593 (1503) | 41.28 | 8.10 | |||
| Luscombe 2003 | 12 | 6500 | 6358 (585) | 6663 (819) | p>0.05 | ||
| 16 | 8200 | 8068 (1542) | 8235 (263) | p>0.05 | 6.18 | 4.14 | |
| Parker 2002 | 8 | 6720 | 6665 (771) | 6480 (977) | “not different” | ||
| 12 | balance | 8522 (1178 | 7497 (1645) | “not different” | 3.59 | 5.54 | |
| Sacks 2009 | 24 | 3150 deficit | 6821 (2033) | 6871 (2033) | “similar between | 10.11 | 10.07 |
| 104 | 5935 (1793) | 6430 (2016) | groups” | 10.04 | 14.24 | ||
| Wycherley 2012 | 12 | 7000 | 7134 (771) | 7189 (535) | p = 0.73 | 3.83 | 7.83 |
| 52 | 7629 (1085) | 7243 (739) | p = 0.09 | 7.64 | 11.55 | ||
–: not reported; CHO: carbohydrate; f: females, m: males; kJ: kilojoules; NA: not applicable; SD: standard deviation
a
Arbitrary adherence score, calculated using a Mahalanobis distance equation, represents the degree of deviation from the prescribed goals for macronutrients in the two diet groups. A lower score reflects better adherence and a higher score reflects poorer adherence.