Table 12. Summary of findings for low carbohydrate diets compared with balanced diets for overweight and obese adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus at 3–6 months follow-up.
| Patient or population: overweight or obese adults with type 2 diabetes |
| Settings: primary care |
| Intervention: low carbohydrate diets (includes high fat and high protein variants) |
| Comparison: balanced diets |
| Follow-up: 3–6 months after starting diet |
CI: Confidence interval;
Note this is the univariate average change observed between follow-up and baseline in the control group.
GRADE Working Group grades of evidence.
High quality: Further research is very unlikely to change our confidence in the estimate of effect.
Moderate quality: Further research is likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and may change the estimate.
Low quality: Further research is very likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and is likely to change the estimate.
Very low quality: We are very uncertain about the estimate.
Downgraded by 1 for risk of bias: 1 of 5 studies did not report adequate sequence generation and 3 of 5 studies did not report adequate allocation concealment. 1 study had high total attrition (>20%) and 2 studies had differential attrition.
Downgraded by 1 for imprecision: difference in mean weight loss ranges from a loss of 1.25 to a gain of 2.9 kilograms.
Downgraded by 1 for risk of bias: 1 out of 5 studies did not report adequate sequence generation and 3 out of 5 studies did not report allocation concealment. 1 study had high total attrition and 2 studies had differential attrition.
Downgraded by 1 for risk of bias: 2 of 4 studies did not report adequate allocation concealment. 1 study had high total attrition (>20%) and 2 studies had differential attrition.
Downgraded by 1 for imprecision: difference in mean systolic blood pressure ranges from a reduction of 3.14 to an increase of 4.36 mmHg.
Downgraded for risk of bias: 1 of 4 studies did not report adequate sequence generation and 2 studies did not report adequate allocation concealment. 2 studies had differential attrition.
Downgraded by 1 for imprecision: confidence interval range is 0.5 mmol/L.