Table 1.
Characteristics of patients with Charlson Comorbidity Index >4
| Characteristics | Light sedation (n=45) |
Deep sedation (n=39) |
Total (n=84) |
P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| General | ||||
| Age (mean, SD) | 81.2±7.6 | 82.3±6.8 | 81.7±7.2 | 0.47 |
| Male (%) | 33.3 | 30.8 | 32.1 | 0.80 |
| Race (% Caucasian) | 95.6 | 94.9 | 95.3 | 0.88 |
| ASA score (median, IQR) | 3 (3–3) | 3 (3–3) | 3 (3–3) | 0.77 |
| ADL (median, IQR) | 5 (5–6) | 5 (4–6) | 5 (4–6) | 0.31 |
| IADL (median, IQR) | 7 (4–8) | 5 (2–8) | 6 (3–8) | 0.16 |
| Living independently (%) | 82 | 59 | 71 | 0.02 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Charlson Score (median, IQR) | 6 (5–7) | 6 (6–8) | 6 (5.5–8) | 0.42 |
| Cerebrovascular diseasea (%) | 26.7 | 18.0 | 22.6 | 0.34 |
| CABG/PCI/MI/CAD (%) | 57.8 | 59.0 | 58.3 | 0.91 |
| Atrial fibrillation (%) | 20.0 | 30.8 | 25.0 | 0.26 |
| Chronic renal insufficiencyb (%) | 33.3 | 28.2 | 31.0 | 0.62 |
| Peripheral vascular diseasec (%) | 15.6 | 25.6 | 20.2 | 0.25 |
| Anemia (%) | 22.2 | 25.6 | 23.8 | 0.71 |
| Surgical characteristics | ||||
| Minutes of surgery (mean, SD) | 78.6±36.0 | 87.0±41.8 | 82.5±38.8 | 0.33 |
| Number of ICU days (median, IQR) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–2) | 0 (0–0) | 0.06 |
| Average BIS (mean, SD) | 85.7±12.4 | 50.3±13.4 | 68.9±21.9 | <0.001 |
| Average BIS < 50 in minutes (median, IQR) | 0 (0–0) | 40 (15.5–63) | 2 (0–40) | <0.001 |
| Anesthesia Characteristics | ||||
| Conversion to general anesthesia (n, %) | 6 (13.3) | 3 (7.7) | 9 (10.7) | 0.40 |
| Received propofol (n, %) | 40 (88.9) | 39 (100) | 79 (94.1) | 0.03 |
| Propofol dose in mg/kg (median, IQR) | 1.3 (0.6–3.2) |
8.1 (6.4–12.7) |
4.7 (1.2–8.2) |
<0.001 |
| Received midazolam (n, %) | 10 (22.2) | 2 (5.1) | 12 (14.3) | 0.03 |
| Midazolam dose in mg/kg (median, range) | 0 (0–0.06) | 0 (0–0.04) | 0 (0–0.06) | 0.03 |
| Duration of hypotensiond in minutes (median, IQR) | 5 (0–12) | 0 (0–15) | 5 (0–13.5) | 0.76 |
SD = standard deviation; ASA = American Society of Anesthesiologists; IQR = interquartile range; ADL = activities of daily living; IADL = instrumental activities of daily living; CABG/PCI/MI/CAD = coronary artery bypass graft surgery/percutaneous coronary intervention/myocardial infarction/coronary artery disease; ICU = intensive care unit; BIS = Bispectral Index.
Cerebrovascular disease was defined as history of stroke, transient ischemic attack, or carotid endarterectomy.
Chronic renal insufficiency was defined as serum creatinine >1.5 mg/dL in males or >1.3 mg/dL in females.
Peripheral vascular disease was defined as any one of the following: history of peripheral vascular disease, history of surgical procedure for peripheral vascular disease, claudication, inter-arm asymmetry in blood pressure measurement.
Hypotension was defined as intraoperative systolic blood pressure decrease greater than 30% from preoperative values and/or systolic blood pressure less than 90 mm Hg.