Table 1.
Clinically utilized biomarkers in breast cancer
| Biomarker | Platform | Outcome measure |
|---|---|---|
| ER + PR | Tissue-based assay | Response to hormone therapy |
| HER2 | Tissue-based assay | Response to trastuzumab |
| uPA + PAI-1 | Tissue-based assay | Prognosis in lymph node-negative tumors |
| 21-gene signature | Oncotype DX® | Distant recurrence after treatment with tamoxifen or AIs |
| 70-gene signature | MammaPrint™ | Prognostic for 5-year recurrence |
| 97-gene signature | Genomic grade index | Prognostic for relapse after endocrine treatment in ER+tumors |
| 76-gene signature | Rotterdam signature | Prognostic for development of distant metastasis |
Notes: Oncotype DX® (Genomic Health Inc., Redwood City, CA, USA); MammaPrint™ (Agendia Inc., Irvine, CA, USA).
Abbreviations: AIs, aromatase inhibitors; ER, estrogen receptor; PR, progesterone receptor; HER2, receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2; PAI-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1; uPA, urokinase plasminogen activator.