Table 2.

Summary of existing literature on the use of well-controlled topography with ocular cell types

Cell Type	Topography	Lateral Dimension	Motivation	Selected References
Corneal Epithelial Cells	Grooves	20–400nm	Native ECM (Bowman’s Layer) presents nanoscale fibers	7, 14, 31, 38, 92, 98–101
Keratocytes	Grooves	2–4μm	The corneal stroma is comprised of 1–2.5μm stacked lamallae--an organization thought critical for transparency	15, 92, 95, 96
Lens Epithelium	Grooves	130–320nm	A simple cuboidal epithlium (generally responsive to nanotopography) with cell alignment beneficial for proliferation and differentiation into lens fiber cells	14, 139, 140
Lens Fiber Cells	Grooves	2–7μm	Well-ordered shells with elongated hexagonal cross section (2μm × 6μm) -- main function is structural and may have the potential to be replaced without cells	N/A
Photoreceptors	Wells or pores	15–25μm	Native photoreceptors are columnar with their long axis perpendicular to the scaffold surface	61, 107, 108, 111, 114, 115
Retinal Pigment Epithelium	Minimal, but porous	1μm	Microtopography associated with degenerative disease	114, 122–124, 134