Table 3.

Summary of nonhuman primate structural imaging studies that examined early-life stress effect on the corpus callosum cross-sectional area and the hippocampus volume.

Study	Monkey species	Approximate age of MRI acquisition	Approximate ELS timing	No. of subjects in the ELS group	No. of subjects in the control group	Type of ELS	Findings
Sanchez et al., 1998	Rhesus	18 months	Age 2-12 months	9 males	11 males	Nursery rearing	Reduced CC area in ELS group No HC differences
Coe et al., 2001	Rhesus	7-11 months	Day 90-140 of post-conception (30% of pregnancy)	6 males 5 females	3 males 2 females	Acoustical startle	Reduced CC area in the males of ELS group Enlarged CC area in the females of ELS group
Spinelli et al., 2009	Rhesus	24-32 months	Age 0-6 months	6 males 7 females	7 males 8 females	Peer rearing	No CC differences Significant main effect of sex on CC (female > male) No HC differences
Current study	Bonnet	59-66 months	Age 2-6 months	14 males	9 males	Variable foraging demand	Reduced CC area in ELS group Reduced left but not right HC volume in ELS group
Lyons et al., 2001	Squirrel	43-71 years	Age 3-6 months	6 males 7 females	LFD: 7 males 6 females HFD: 7 males 6 females	Intermittent social separation	No HC differences Heritability effect on HC

Abbreviations: Early-life stress (ELS); Corpus callosum (CC); Hippocampus (HC); High foraging demand (HFD); Low foraging demand (LFD);