Table 4.
Regression of Brain Volumes, Sex, and Gender.
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Final Model | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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|
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|
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| R2Δ | β1 | β2 | R2Δ | β3 | R2Δ | β4 | R2Δ | β1 | β2 | β3 | β4 | |
| ICV | .513 | -.711*** | -.035 | .093 | -.306*** | .005 | -.086 | .611 | -.680*** | -.055 | -.352*** | -.086 |
| Tissue | .223 | -.447*** | -.109 | .035 | -.188* | .010 | .116 | .268 | -.439*** | -.117 | -.125 | .116 |
| CSF | .223 | .447*** | .109 | .035 | .188* | .010 | -.116 | .268 | .439*** | .117 | .125 | -.116 |
| Cerebrum | .056 | -.226* | .104 | .002 | .044 | .000 | -.004 | .058 | -.229* | .107 | .042 | -.004 |
| Cortex | .398 | -.630*** | -.008 | .030 | .174* | .005 | -.088 | .434 | -.639*** | .000 | .126 | -.088 |
| White Matter | .369 | .607*** | .004 | .036 | -.191* | .006 | .089 | .411 | .617*** | -.005 | -.143 | .089 |
| Cerebellum | .088 | .294** | -.080 | .000 | -.008 | .000 | -.003 | .088 | .295** | -.081 | -.009 | -.003 |
| Frontal Lobe | ||||||||||||
| Gray Matter | .370 | -.611*** | .036 | .031 | .178* | .000 | -.001 | .401 | -.626*** | .046 | .177* | -.001 |
| White Matter | .319 | .537*** | .126 | .044 | -.210** | .023 | .179* | .386 | .543*** | .118 | -.113 | .179* |
| Parietal Lobe | ||||||||||||
| Gray Matter | .399 | -.628*** | -.022 | .028 | .169* | .007 | -.100 | .434 | -.636*** | -.015 | .114 | -.100 |
| White Matter | .270 | .521*** | -.111 | .014 | -.117 | .000 | .002 | .284 | .530*** | -.118 | -.116 | .002 |
| Temporal Lobe | ||||||||||||
| Gray Matter | .079 | -.253** | -.097 | .000 | -.010 | .033 | -.216* | .112 | -.238** | -.104 | -.128 | -.216* |
| White Matter | .285 | .537*** | -.035 | .045 | -.213** | .001 | .035 | .331 | .553*** | -.047 | -.194* | .035 |
| Occipital Lobe | ||||||||||||
| Gray Matter | .147 | -.386*** | .035 | .035 | .187* | .000 | -.010 | .182 | -.401*** | .046 | .182 | -.010 |
| White Matter | .329 | .577*** | -.036 | .015 | -.121 | .001 | .033 | .345 | .585*** | -.042 | -.104 | .033 |
| Subcortical | ||||||||||||
| Caudate | ||||||||||||
| Gray Matter | .057 | .095 | .208* | .02 | .142 | .005 | -.087 | .082 | .089 | .214* | .094 | -.087 |
| White Matter | .052 | 1.31 | 1.73 | .009 | -.095 | .000 | .009 | .061 | .139 | .167 | -.090 | .009 |
| Putamen | ||||||||||||
| Gray Matter | .099 | -.292** | .153 | .024 | .155 | .003 | .066 | .126 | -.309** | .165 | .191 | .066 |
| White Matter | .143 | .380*** | -.047 | .001 | .038 | .002 | .657 | .146 | .380*** | -.046 | .011 | -.048 |
| Thalamus | ||||||||||||
| Gray Matter | .038 | -.195* | .017 | .159 | .400*** | .021 | .173 | .218 | -.240** | .046 | .495*** | .173 |
| White Matter | .281 | .529*** | .004 | .011 | -.106 | .004 | -.073 | .295 | .543*** | -.005 | -.146 | -.073 |
Notes. Ratio denominators were sequential as follows: ICV/Height, Tissue and CSF/ICV, Cerebrum and Cerebellum/Total Tissue, Cortex, White Matter, and all Lobes/Cerebrum Tissue; R2 – R squared; R2Δ = R squared Change; Standardized Betas include: β1 = Age, β2 = Socioeconomic Status, β3 = Sex, β4 = Gender.
*
p = .05
**
p < .01
***
p < .001