Table 3.
Improvement degrees of GSRS after 8-week treatments of RKT or placebo
| RKT group | PL group | P | Subscale domain | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (Questions) |
|
|
|
|
| GSRS01 (abdominal pain) |
0.5 ± 1.4 |
0.7 ± 1.7 |
0.425 |
Abdominal pain |
| GSRS02 (heartburn) |
1.4 ± 1.4 |
0.8 ± 1.8 |
0.240 |
Reflux syndrome |
| GSRS03 (acid regurgitation) |
1.4 ± 1.9* |
0.6 ± 1.6 |
0.038 |
Reflux syndrome |
| GSRS04 (hunger pains) |
0.6 ± 1.2 |
0.6 ± 1.4 |
0.785 |
Abdominal pain |
| GSRS05 (nausea) |
0.8 ± 1.6 |
0.1 ± 1.5 |
0.062 |
Abdominal pain |
| GSRS06 (borborygmus) |
0.6 ± 1.4 |
0.5 ± 1.4 |
0.944 |
Indigestion syndrome |
| GSRS07 (abdominal distension) |
1.0 ± 2.0* |
0.2 ± 1.8 |
0.038 |
Indigestion syndrome |
| GSRS08 (eructation) |
1.0 ± 1.4 |
0.3 ± 1.9 |
0.197 |
Indigestion syndrome |
| GSRS09 (increased flatus) |
0.8 ± 1.4 |
0.6 ± 1.8 |
0.524 |
Indigestion syndrome |
| GSRS10 (constipation) |
0.8 ± 1.6* |
0.2 ± 1.4 |
0.034 |
Constipation syndrome |
| GSRS11 (diarrhea) |
0.5 ± 1.5 |
0.6 ± 1.4 |
0.661 |
Diarrhea syndrome |
| GSRS12 (loose stools) |
0.3 ± 1.5 |
0.6 ± 1.5 |
0.260 |
Diarrhea syndrome |
| GSRS13 (hard stools) |
0.6 ± 1.5 |
0.4 ± 1.5 |
0.479 |
Constipation syndrome |
| GSRS14 (urgent need for defecation) |
0.6 ± 1.4 |
0.4 ± 1.5 |
0.339 |
Diarrhea syndrome |
| GSRS15 (feeling of incomplete evacuation) |
0.5 ± 1.4 |
0.4 ± 1.5 |
0.518 |
Constipation syndrome |
| (Subscale score) |
|
|
|
|
| Abdominal pain |
0.6 ± 1.0 |
0.5 ± 1.3 |
0.538 |
|
| Reflux syndrome |
1.4 ± 1.5 |
0.7 ± 1.6 |
0.064 |
|
| Indigestion syndrome |
0.8 ± 1.2 |
0.4 ± 1.4 |
0.211 |
|
| Constipation syndrome |
0.6 ± 1.2 |
0.3 ± 1.3 |
0.094 |
|
| Diarrhea syndrome |
0.5 ± 1.3 |
0.5 ± 1.3 |
0.677 |
|
| Overall score | 0.8 ± 0.9 | 0.5 ± 1.1 | 0.113 |
GSRS, Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale; the 15 GSRS items are divided into the following 5 scales: abdominal pain (abdominal pain, hunger pain, and nausea), reflux syndrome (heartburn and acid regurgitation), diarrhea syndrome (diarrhea, loose stools, and urgent need for defecation), indigestion syndrome (borborygmus, abdominal distension, eructation, and increased flatus), and constipation syndrome (constipation, hard stools, and a feeling of incomplete evacuation). Values were expressed as mean ± SD. *P < 0.05, significant difference between each paired group (Wilcoxon’s signed rank test).