Table 3. Stratified Analysis of dairy products or milk Intake and gastric cancer Risk.
Group | NO. of studies | OR(95%CI) | Q statistic | P value | I2 value(%) |
Total Dairy products | 26 | 1.09(0.96–1.25) | 105.22 | <0.001 | 76.2 |
Design | |||||
Cohort | 8 | 1.01(0.91–1.13) | 7.13 | 0.416 | 1.8 |
Case-control | 18 | 1.10(0.92–1.30) | 95.42 | <0.001 | 82.2 |
Hospital based | 9 | 0.86(0.72–1.02) | 12.19 | 0.143 | 34.4 |
Population based | 9 | 1.36(1.07–1.74) | 63.26 | <0.001 | 87.4 |
Geographic area | |||||
Asia | 10 | 1.09(0.86–1.38) | 72.34 | <0.001 | 87.6 |
Europe | 7 | 0.91(0.76–1.08) | 6.63 | 0.356 | 9.6 |
North America | 7 | 1.18(1.01–1.38) | 8.73 | 0.189 | 31.3 |
South America | 2 | 1.45(0.54–3.89) | 9.14 | 0.003 | 89.1 |
Lauren's classification | |||||
Diffuse | 4 | 1.04(0.87–1.24) | 2.58 | 0.461 | 0 |
Intestinal | 4 | 1.13(0.79–1.62) | 9.15 | 0.027 | 67.2 |
Location | |||||
Cardia | 3 | 1.32(0.84–2.08) | 25.74 | <0.001 | 92.2 |
Noncardia | 3 | 1.21(0.95–1.54) | 10.98 | 0.004 | 81.8 |
Gender | |||||
Men | 9 | 1.04(0.96–1.13) | 13.19 | 0.587 | 0 |
Women | 8 | 1.02(0.95–1.09) | 10.59 | 0.751 | 0 |
Adjustment for confounders | |||||
Alcohol Yes | 7 | 1.18(0.96–1.25) | 10.65 | 0.1 | 43.6 |
No | 19 | 1.18(0.98–1.42) | 92.75 | <0.001 | 80.6 |
Smoking Yes | 15 | 1.10(0.96–1.25) | 27.34 | 0.017 | 48.8 |
No | 11 | 1.07(0.83–1.39) | 77.73 | <0.001 | 87.1 |
BMI Yes | 5 | 1.13(1.01–1.26) | 1.71 | 0.798 | 0 |
No | 21 | 1.09(0.93–1.29) | 102.92 | <0.001 | 80.6 |
Total energy intake Yes | 10 | 1.22(1.02–1.46) | 22.83 | 0.007 | 60.6 |
No | 16 | 1.01(0.83–1.23) | 82.11 | <0.001 | 81.7 |
H. pylori infection Yes | 2 | 1.43(0.65–3.15) | 6.46 | 0.011 | 84.5 |
No | 24 | 1.08(0.93–1.25) | 98 | <0.001 | 76.5 |
Publication year | |||||
Before 2000 | 9 | 1.10(0.90–1.34) | 18.83 | 0.016 | 57.4 |
After 2000 | 17 | 1.08(0.91–1.29) | 86.30 | <0.001 | 81.5 |
Quality score | |||||
<7 stars | 8 | 1.11(0.75–1.65) | 65.81 | <0.001 | 89.4 |
≥7 stars | 18 | 1.05(0.95–1.16) | 28.70 | 0.037 | 40.8 |
Fermented(Yes vs. No) | |||||
Non-Fermented | 13 | 1.10(0.92–1.32) | 30.68 | 0.01 | 51.1 |
Fermented | 8 | 0.94(0.81–1.08) | 15.42 | 0.42 | 2.7 |
Milk | |||||
Asia | 5 | 0.90(0.75–1.08) | 7.64 | 0.501 | 0 |
Europe | 5 | 1.57(1.01–2.44) | 8.71 | 0.126 | 51.8 |
North America | 3 | 1.68(0.90–3.14) | 4.15 | 0.069 | 54.1 |
Hawaii | 2 | 1.11(0.85–1.44) | 0.45 | 0.106 | 47.6 |
Cheese | |||||
Asia | 3 | 1.05(0.72–1.54) | 0.35 | 0.840 | 0 |
Europe | 4 | 0.75(0.52–1.08) | 9.19 | 0.027 | 67.4 |
Non-Fermented: milk; Fermented: cheese, yogurt, sour milk;