Table 2.
Summary of variables included in models, as means (sd) or number in each category (proportion), and tests for differences, between valid- and under-reporters
| Boys | Girls | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Valid-reporters | Under-reporters | P | Valid-reporters | Under-reporters | P | |
| Variables in Model 0 | ||||||
| Health aware componenta | −0.016 (1.037) | −0.064 (0.987) | 0.241 | 0.147 (0.977) | 0.019 (0.865) | <0.001 |
| Traditional componenta | 0.085 (1.041) | −0.060 (0.943) | <0.001 | 0.022 (0.966) | −0.085 (0.880) | 0.003 |
| Packed lunch componenta | 0.113 (1.042) | −0.136 (0.939) | <0.001 | 0.032 (0.962) | −0.162 (0.827) | <0.001 |
| Fat mass aged 9 years (kg) | 5.739 (3.018) | 10.306 (5.851) | <0.001 | 8.461 (4.300) | 12.061 (5.528) | <0.001 |
| Fat mass aged 11 years (kg) | 8.352 (4.582) | 14.348 (7.879) | <0.001 | 11.527 (5.812) | 15.955 (7.355) | <0.001 |
| Lean mass aged 9 years (kg) | 24.980 (2.734) | 26.444 (3.057) | <0.001 | 23.131 (2.975) | 24.485 (3.249) | <0.001 |
| Lean mass aged 11 years (kg) | 29.481 (3.818) | 31.576 (2.734) | <0.001 | 28.744 (4.338) | 30.525 (4.466) | <0.001 |
| Height aged 9 years (cm) | 139.1 (5.976) | 141.5 (5.936) | <0.001 | 138.7 (6.502) | 140.6 (6.412) | <0.001 |
| Height aged 11 years (cm) | 149.2 (6.757) | 152.0 (6.946) | <0.001 | 150.8 (7.253) | 152.8 (7.045) | <0.001 |
| Added in Model 1 | ||||||
| Average energy intake (kJ/d) | 2087 (288.1) | 1635 (265.0) | <0.001 | 1901 (251.7) | 1474 (226.2) | <0.001 |
| Birthweightb (kg) | 3.415 (0.352) | 3.435 (0.338) | <0.001 | 3.325 (0.293) | 3.335 (0.253) | <0.001 |
| Menarche aged 9–11 | ||||||
| Yes | 93 (6.24%) | 83 (10.1%) | 0.001 | |||
| No | 1397 (93.8%) | 737 (89.9%) | ||||
| Maternal age (y) | 29.5 (4.47) | 29.5 (4.40) | 0.968 | 29.3 (4.43) | 29.0 (4.19) | 0.097 |
| Maternal BMI (kg/m2) | 22.61 (3.33) | 23.76 (4.31) | <0.001 | 22.49 (3.52) | 23.54 (3.80) | <0.001 |
| Maternal smokingc | ||||||
| Never smoked | 880 (59.5%) | 449 (55.7%) | 0.079 | 901 (60.5%) | 460 (56.1%) | 0.041 |
| Smoker | 599 (40.5%) | 357 (44.3%) | 589 (39.5%) | 360 (43.9%) | ||
| Maternal education | ||||||
| Vocational/age-16 qualification | 778 (52.6%) | 471 (58.4%) | 0.025 | 786 (52.8%) | 466 (56.8%) | 0.078 |
| Age-18 qualification | 441 (29.8%) | 206 (25.6%) | 411 (27.6%) | 221 (27.0%) | ||
| Post-18 qualification | 260 (17.6%) | 129 (16.0%) | 293 (19.7%) | 133 (16.2%) | ||
| Added in Model 2 | ||||||
| Physical activity at 11 (cpm) | 680 (192) | 631 (183) | <0.001 | 556 (153) | 532 (144) | <0.001 |
a
Standardized.
b
Adjusted for gestation and size of pregnancy.
c
Before/during pregnancy.