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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jul 10.
Published in final edited form as: Tob Control. 2013 Oct 8;23(0 1):i39–i47. doi: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2012-050835

Table 3.

Probit estimates for prevalence of cigarette smoking (dependent variable 1 if cigarette smoker, 0 if nonsmoker)

(1)
All		 (2)
Low		 (3)
Medium		 (4)
High
Cigarette price/pack (2009 Taka) 0.00312
(0.73)		 0.000595
(0.07)		 −0.000291
(−0.04)		 0.0103
(1.36)
Monthly household income (2009 Taka) 0.00312
(0.73)		 0.000595
(0.07)		 −0.000291
(−0.04)		 0.0103
(1.36)
Female −1.719***
(−21.86)		 −1.477***
(−12.13)		 −1.822***
(−11.69)		 −1.965***
(−12.92)
Age −0.00863***
(−5.75)		 −0.00852***
(−3.82)		 −0.00783**
(−2.80)		 −0.0111***
(−3.58)
Married 0.243***
(4.53)		 0.251**
(2.93)		 0.413***
(4.21)		 0.155
(1.49)
Household size 0.0502***
(3.55)		 0.0369
(1.57)		 0.0535*
(1.96)		 0.0557*
(2.15)
Education:
Primary (1–5 years) 0.177***
(3.42)		 0.243***
(3.46)		 0.148
(1.60)		 −0.211
(−1.38)
Secondary (6–8 years) 0.207***
(3.37)		 0.214*
(2.40)		 0.253*
(2.23)		 −0.138
(−0.86)
SSC (9–10 years) 0.0968
(1.32)		 0.185
(1.47)		 0.258*
(1.96)		 −0.396*
(−2.41)
HSC (11–12 years) 0.259**
(2.68)		 0.303
(1.23)		 0.648***
(3.38)		 −0.283
(−1.62)
Bachelor’s (14–16 years) 0.368**
(3.15)		 1.888***
(5.97)		 0.731**
(2.64)		 −0.164
(−0.92)
Master’s (15–17 years) 0.404*
(2.25)		 −0.119
(−0.18)		 .
.		 −0.0791
(−0.33)
Above Master’s −0.0255
(−0.05)		 .
.		 .
.		 −0.932
(−1.83)
Occupation:
Tenant farmer 0.144
(1.60)		 0.0244
(0.17)		 0.267
(1.67)		 0.426*
(2.17)
Self-employed in non-farm agriculture −0.221*
(−2.07)		 −0.165
(−1.14)		 −0.601**
(−2.94)		 0.302
(0.90)
Self-employed in non-agricultural activity 0.191
(1.91)		 0.367*
(2.23)		 0.0903
(0.55)		 0.197
(0.95)
Farm wage laborer 0.101
(1.20)		 0.0290
(0.24)		 0.107
(0.69)		 0.664**
(3.09)
Non-farm agricultural wage laborer −0.176
(−0.86)		 −0.348
(−0.77)		 −0.394
(−0.88)		 0.447
(1.35)
Non-agricultural wage laborer 0.339**
(3.08)		 0.385*
(2.22)		 0.230
(1.18)		 0.699**
(2.80)
Professional −0.625***
(−4.91)		 −0.924***
(−3.53)		 −0.953**
(−3.25)		 −0.212
(−0.97)
Managerial/administrative/clerking −0.111
(−1.10)		 −0.281
(−1.69)		 −0.210
(−1.13)		 0.237
(1.16)
Student −1.054***
(−10.08)		 −1.449***
(−7.33)		 −1.383***
(−6.44)		 −0.586**
(−2.93)
Unemployed 0.0884
(1.09)		 0.0471
(0.39)		 −0.0234
(−0.16)		 0.445*
(2.42)
Homemaker −0.775***
(−6.31)		 −0.702***
(−3.74)		 −0.826***
(−3.91)		 −0.914***
(−3.54)
Others 0.196*
(2.51)		 0.320**
(2.67)		 0.161
(1.16)		 0.254
(1.52)
Indoor smoking restriction (1 yes, 0 no) −0.109**
(−2.83)		 −0.0200
(−0.35)		 −0.130
(−1.84)		 −0.312***
(−3.68)
Workplace smoking restriction (1 yes, 0 no) −0.000261
(−0.00)		 0.237
(1.72)		 −0.0826
(−0.61)		 −0.122
(−1.14)
Urban area of residence 0.218***
(3.82)		 0.193*
(2.06)		 0.188
(1.87)		 0.208
(1.70)
Wave 2 −0.182***
(−5.14)		 −0.302***
(−5.04)		 −0.192**
(−2.83)		 0.0600
(0.77)
Observations 8507 3484 2540 2477

Notes:

1. Columns 1, 2,3 and 4 report results for all, low, medium and high socio-economic status groups respectively.

2. The coefficients are marginal effects. For dummy variable, the marginal effect refer to effect of discrete change in the dummy variable from 0 to 1. The z statistics of the coefficients are in parentheses.

*

p < 0.05,

**

p < 0.01,

***

p < 0.001

3. Omitted categories include male, illiterate, owner farmers (occupation), the time effect of wave 1, and rural area of residence.