Table 4.

Differences in economic indicators.

Indicator	Unit	Inefficient regions (μ 1), N = 63	Efficient regions (μ 2), N = 45	H 0  (μ 1 − μ 2)	t -statistic	P value	Sig.
Utilised agricultural area	ha/farm	58.53	133.83	Diff < 0	−2.418	0.0098	∗∗∗
	SD∗	41.69	205.95
Economic size	ESU/farm	119.92	268.69	Diff < 0	−3.215	0.0012	∗∗∗
	SD	74.17	304.05
Labour input (hours per year)	hours/farm	4 271.34	8 065.80	Diff < 0	−2.605	0.0062	∗∗∗
	SD	1 030.79	9 733.53
Dairy cows	LU/farm	41.77	81.96	Diff < 0	−3.469	0.0005	∗∗∗
	SD	22.97	75.24
Crop output	EUR/ha	442.40	659.98	Diff < 0	−2.626	0.0053	∗∗∗
	SD	314.32	488.13
Livestock output	EUR/LU	1 607.62	1 697.18	Diff < 0	−0.989	0.1628	—
	SD	440.04	480.65
Other production in Total input	%	3.297	3.217	Diff > 0	0.090	0.4642	—
	SD	4.472	4.635
Total output per total input	EUR/EUR	1.167	1.290	Diff < 0	−1.616	0.0557	∗
	SD	0.234	0.468
Total output per total intermediate consumption	EUR/EUR	1.583	1.756	Diff < 0	−1.644	0.0528	∗
	SD	0.316	0.655
Total output per hectare	EUR/ha	2 787.04	4 970.83	Diff < 0	−1.789	0.0401	∗∗
	SD	1 570.33	8 079.22
Total output per working hour	EUR/hour	34.34	44.99	Diff < 0	−2.111	0.0190	∗∗
	SD	20.81	28.90
Total output per material costs	EUR/EUR	2.463	2.698	Diff < 0	−1.413	0.0813	∗
	SD	0.585	1.003
Total output per energy costs	EUR/EUR	14.51	17.70	Diff < 0	−3.441	0.0005	∗∗∗
	SD	3.87	5.28
Total output per capital costs	EUR/EUR	4.623	6.221	Diff < 0	−2.580	0.0062	∗∗∗
	SD	1.877	3.841
Total output per contracting work	EUR/EUR	60.39	270.95	Diff < 0	−1.305	0.0993	∗
	SD	83.37	1 080.12
Specific livestock costs per LU∗∗	EUR/LU	715.70	746.93	Diff < 0	−0.477	0.3174	—
	SD	293.64	362.76

Notes: *SD = standard deviation; **LU (livestock unit)-converting average number of animals to livestock units is done applying to this number a coefficient related to the category of animal. For example, 1 dairy cow is one LU.

∗∗∗Means significance at α = 0.01.