Table 1.

Technical requirements against a local antibiotic formulation in the 3 main categories of orthopedic use in endoprosthesis surgery.

	Medical purpose	Probability of infection	Antibiogram	Required length of local antibiotic treatment	Typical local antibiotic formulation	Reference
Primary implantation	Prevention of infection arising from contamination at surgery or early postoperation	0.5–2%	Not available	1-2 days or until the surgical site is open through drainage	Antibiotic bone cement, off-the-shelf	[27–30]
Aseptic revision	Prevention of infection arising from either contamination or a low-grade infection	n/a	Not available, or its reliability is low	1-2 days or until the surgical site is open through drainage. Longer if low-grade infection is suspected.	Antibiotic bone cement, bone substitutes, freehand use of local antibiotic powder or solution	[27, 31]
Septic revision	Eradication of bacterial infection	100%	Available	Several weeks	Antibiotic bone cement, freehand use of local antibiotic powder or solution. Bone substitutes are contraindicated.	[18, 27, 31, 32]