Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics and Lille Apathy Rating Scale rates for AD and MCI participants and controls.
| Healthy controls (n = 20) |
MCI participants (n = 20) |
DTA participants (n = 20) |
Statistics | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic and clinical data | |||||
| Age, mean (SD) | 73.5 (6.7) | 78.25 (6.9) | 80.9 (5.4) | F = 8.7 | <0.001a |
| Sex, n (women) | 11 | 11 | 12 | χ 2 = 0.13 | 0.93 |
| Years of education, mean (SD) | 11.1 (2.7) | 7.9 (2.4) | 8.3 (3.1) | F = 7.7 | 0.001a |
| Minimental State Examinationc, mean (SD) | 28.5 (0.9) | 27.15 (2) | 24.8 (2.3) | F = 11.6 | <0.001b |
| Beck depression inventory | |||||
| Total score, mean (SD) | 10.6 (6.5) | 12.2 (7.8) | 13 (7.44) | F = 0.57 | 0.57 |
| Moderate (>18), n (%) | 2 (10) | 4 (20) | 5 (25) | χ 2 = 1.55 | 0.45 |
| Severe (>19), n (%) | 1 (5) | 0 | 0 | χ 2 = 2.03 | 0.36 |
| Lille apathy rating scalec, mean (SD) | |||||
| Intellectual curiosity | −2.6 (0.76) | −1.4 (0.96) | −1.5 (1.01) | F = 5.6 | 0.006a |
| Emotion | −3.6 (0.59) | −2.5 (1.29) | −2.7 (1.50) | F = 1.9 | 0.15 |
| Action initiation | −3.5 (0.64) | −2.2 (1.15) | −2.0 (1.74) | F = 5.1 | 0.009a |
| Self-awareness | −2.9 (1.14) | −2.4 (1.27) | −2.5 (1.31) | F = 0.1 | 0.86 |
| Total score, mean (SD) | −28 (4.18) | −17.8 (6.80) | −19.1 (6.40) | F = 9.6 | <0.001a |
| Lille apathy rating scale-cutoff | |||||
| Lightly apathetic to severely apathetic, n (%) | 1 (5) | 12 (60) | 12 (60) | OR = 3.62 95% CI 1.6 to 7.7 |
<0.001 |
| IGT disadvantageous profile (net score <0) | |||||
| Total net score, n (%) | 6 (20) | 13 (45) | 10 (35) | χ 2 = 5.64 | 0.05a |
| Blocks 3 to 5 (trials 41–100), n (%) | 5 (18) | 12 (42) | 11 (39) | χ 2 = 6.66 | 0.03a |
| Executive function assessmentc, mean (SD) | |||||
| Hayling Test (time) | 4 (2.34) | 7.5 (4.51) | 6.8 (3.67) | F = 1.66 | 0.19 |
| Hayling Test (error) | 2.7 (1.92) | 8.5 (7.34) | 9.8 (5.90) | F = 3.27 | 0.04a |
| Trail Making Test (time) | 112 (50) | 191 (60) | 198 (46) | F = 5.98 | 0.004a |
| Trail Making Test (error) | 0.5 (1.05) | 3.1 (4.58) | 5.3 (7.14) | F = 1.96 | 0.14 |
| Updating memory task | 3.3 (0.83) | 2.6 (0.64) | 2.4 (0.64) | F = 1.56 | 0.21 |
AD: Alzheimer's disease; CI: confidence internal; IGT: Iowa gambling task; MCI: mild cognitive impairment.
aControls ≠ (MCI = DTA); b(Controls = MCI) ≠ DTA; cadjustment for age and education.