Table 3.
Model adjusted patient-provider communication characteristics and post-visit rating scales by patient CES-D depressive symptoms
| Study outcomes | CES-D depression score category
|
||
|---|---|---|---|
| None/mild (n = 171) ref. group | Moderate (n = 122) | Severe (n = 113) | |
| Length of visit, minutes, mean (SE) | 21.11 (0.77) | 23.06 (1.19) | 24.72 (1.09)*** |
| Verbal dominance, mean (SE) | 1.39 (0.04) | 1.29 (0.05) | 1.42 (0.06) |
| Speech speed, mean (SE) | 29.54 (0.67) | 29.32 (0.64) | 27.59 (0.59)** |
| Patient utterances per visit | |||
| Question asking/Information giving, mean (SE) | |||
| Biomedical | 97.23 (5.75) | 111.03 (6.09) | 101.44 (4.92) |
| Lifestyle/Psychosocial | 57.60 (5.57) | 66.41 (6.92) | 69.64 (5.58) |
| Patient activation, mean (SE) | 7.05 (0.46) | 7.91 (0.79) | 7.49 (0.49) |
| Rapport building, mean (SE) | |||
| Positive | 71.11 (3.63) | 73.16 (3.82) | 66.54 (3.93) |
| Emotional | 19.28 (1.77) | 24.67 (1.92)* | 24.47 (1.77)* |
| Negative | 2.67 (0.40) | 3.12 (0.41) | 3.32 (0.50) |
| Social | 5.77 (0.83) | 4.57 (0.69) | 3.48 (0.59)* |
| Positive affect | 3.61 (0.03) | 3.57 (0.03) | 3.53 (0.03) |
| Negative affect | 1.12 (0.02) | 1.19 (0.04) | 1.36 (0.05)*** |
| Provider utterances per visit | |||
| Data gathering/Counseling, mean (SE) | |||
| Biomedical | 148.95 (6.46) | 154.44 (7.89) | 165.71 (9.54)* |
| Lifestyle/Psychosocial | 33.70 (3.06) | 38.52 (4.16) | 45.11 (4.71)*** |
| Patient activation, mean (SE) | 43.35 (3.33) | 44.98 (3.09) | 46.48 (2.89) |
| Rapport building, mean (SE) | |||
| Positive | 53.70 (2.81) | 53.13 (3.72) | 53.11 (2.98) |
| Emotional | 25.41 (1.50) | 27.63 (1.65) | 28.50 (1.81) |
| Negative | 1.27 (0.16) | 1.86 (0.36)* | 1.56 (0.21) |
| Social | 6.89 (1.19) | 4.77 (0.66) | 3.96 (0.65) |
| Positive affect | 3.73 (0.04) | 3.70 (0.03) | 3.69 (0.03) |
| Negative affect | 2.02 (0.01) | 1.99 (0.03) | 1.99 (0.02) |
| Post visit ratings | |||
| Patient rated quality of care as “Excellent”, N (%) | 114 (66.7) | 75 (61.3) | 63 (56.1) |
| Provider knows me, N (%) | 145 (84.8) | 99 (80.9) | 86 (75.7)* |
| Provider respects me, N (%) | 106 (62.0) | 60 (49.1)* | 63 (55.9) |
| Provider positive regard for patient, mean (SE) | 4.11 (0.09) | 3.99 (0.08) | 3.87 (0.08)** |
Note: Adjusted p-values:
*
p <0.05;
**
p <0.01,
***
p <0.001;
n = 406 for individuals with available audio recordings and model covariates. p Values are based on pairwise comparisons with the referent group accounting for clustering by provider, study site, patient gender, race, education, whether they are on ARV, and length of patient-provider relationship. Proportions, means and standard errors are model adjusted.