Fig. 1. Clinical and histological profile of LAD-I periodontitis.

(A) Clinical attachment loss (marker of bone loss) was measured on all teeth of five 11-13 year-old LAD-I patients and healthy controls. Shown are mean measurements per individual (*P < 0.01; unpaired t test). (B) Correlation between clinical attachment loss and CD18 expression on peripheral neutrophils of LAD-I patients (Pearson correlation coefficient r²=0.8857; P=0.0170). CD18 expression on neutrophils evaluated by flow cytometry and expressed as percent of normal. (C) Gram staining (Brown and Hoops) on an extracted tooth and surrounding soft tissues: (i) Blue/pink positive staining on the tooth encircled and shown in higher magnification (ii); Soft tissues with no visible gram staining (iii). (D) H&E of extracted tooth and surrounding soft tissues: (i) Soft tissue surrounding the entire tooth indicating total loss of bone support. Encircled soft tissue in higher magnification (ii) revealing dense inflammatory infiltrate in the lesion compared to healthy gingival tissue from a control subject (iii). (E) Immunohistochemistry for major cell populations in the lesion: (i) neutrophils, inset showing positive cells within a vessel; (ii) T cells; (iii) plasma cells; (iv) macrophages; (v) γδ T cells; (vi) mast cells; (vii) DC; (viii) NK cells. C, D, and E representative of four patients and multiple extracted teeth. All original magnifications indicated.