Table 4.
Renal function assessment parameters (tubular and glomerular functions) along with uric acid level and kidney index (ratio of kidney weight to total body weight).
| Parameter | Time | Control | F2 | FG | G |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Glomerular function | |||||
| Serum urea mmol/L | d0 | 18 ± 2.9 | 22.1 ± 3.4 | 26 ± 2.9 | 17.8 ± 2.8 |
| d20 | 21 ± 2.8 | 32.2 ± 3.5 | 52.8 ± 2 | 24.7 ± 2.4 | |
| Serum creatinine | d0 | 79 ± 5.1 | 88 ± 4.1 | 78.6 ± 4 | — |
| d20 | 86 ± 5.8@,$ | 91 ± 4.8@,$ | 199 ± 11∗,‡ | 182 ± 12∗,‡ | |
| Creatinine clearance mL/min/100 g (B.W) | d0 | 0.16 ± 0.02 | 0.16 ± 0.03 | — | — |
| d20 | 0.14 ± 0.02@,$ | 0.12 ± 0.01@,$ | 0.075 ± 0.029∗,‡ | 0.09 ± 0.03∗,‡ | |
| Urinary protein excretion mg/hr | d0 | 0.055 ± 0.008 | 0.045 ± 0.007 | 0.051 ± 0.006 | 0.049 ± 0.007 |
| d20 | 0.052 ± 0.006 | 0.039 ± 0.007 | 0.094 ± 0.009∗@‡ | 0.059 ± 0.007 | |
| Serum sodium and potassium | |||||
| Serum Na+ | d0 | 136 ± 2.1 | 134 ± 2.1 | 135 ± 1.4 | 137 ± 1.8 |
| d20 | 139 ± 1.8 | 141 ± 2.8 | 133 ± 2.3 | 135 ± 1.7 | |
| Serum K+ | d0 | 5.7 ± 0.2 | 5.6 ± 0.22 | 5.6 ± 0.18 | 5.5 ± 0.21 |
| d20 | 5.6 ± 0.23 | 5.9 ± 0.24 | 5.3 ± 0.27 | 5.7 ± 0.23 | |
| Tubular function | |||||
| Abs. Na+ excretion ×10−3 mmol/hr | d0 | 17 ± 1.60 | 11 ± 1.00∗ | 9 ± 1.10∗ | — |
| d20 | 18 ± 1.70 | 10 ± 0.90@ | 34 ± 5.20 | 34 ± 2.80∗,‡ | |
| UFR μL/min/100 g (BW) | d0 | 2.18 ± 0.2 | 1.70 ± 0.1 | 1.53 ± 0.1 | 1.44 ± 0.1∗ |
| d20 | 2.16 ± 0.12 | 1.55 ± 0.08 | 1.43 ± 0.06∗ | 4.95 ± 0.76∗,# | |
| Abs. K+ excretion mmol/hr | d0 | 0.07 ± 0.01 | 0.05 ± 0.01∗ | 0.04 ± 0.00∗ | — |
| d20 | 0.07 ± 0.01 | 0.05 ± 0.01$ | 0.27 ± 0.03∗,‡ | 0.17 ± 0.015∗ | |
| FE Na+ | d0 | 0.51 ± 0.06 | 0.37 ± 0.034 | 0.33 ± 0.031 | — |
| d20 | 0.49 ± 0.03 | 0.39 ± 0.021$@ | 2.33 ± 0.12∗‡ | 2.03 ± 0.155∗‡ | |
| FE K+ | d0 | 61 ± 5.94 | 39 ± 3.7 | 48 ± 6.94 | — |
| d20 | 67 ± 6.87$ | 49 ± 3.21@$ | 396 ± 44.5∗,#,@ | 195 ± 33.77∗‡ | |
| Kidney index | |||||
| Kidney index | d20 | 0.67 ± 0.01 | 0.67 ± 0.02 | 0.69 ± 0.05 | 0.7 ± 0.03 |
| Uric acid | |||||
| Uric acid μmol/L | d0 | 11.3 ± 1.37 | 17.1 ± 1.44∗@ | 16.4 ± 1.38∗@ | 11.8 ± 1.35‡,$ |
| d20 | 2.7 ± 1.32 | 19.6 ± 1.43∗ | 13.9 ± 1.40 | 12.9 ± 1.29 | |
| Urine pH | d0 | 6.7 ± 0.34 | 5.3 ± 0.54 | 5.5 ± 0.61 | 6.4 ± 0.29 |
| d20 | 6.9 ± 0.33 | 4.9 ± 0.56 | 5.9 ± 0.55 | 7.2 ± 0.2.8 |
The measurements were taken on days 0 and 20 which correspond to 38th and 58th days of the high fructose water treatment period. Kidney index was measured at the end of the treatment period. Results are expressed in mean ± SEM. ∗, ‡, $, and @ indicate statistical significance as compared to control, F2, FG, and G groups, respectively (P < 0.05).