Table 5.

Oxidative stress parameters (malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione) in both serum and renal homogenates.

Parameter	Control	F2	FG	G
Oxidative stress in serum at the end of the treatment period (day 24)
Serum MDA nmol/mL	2.735 ± 0.16	3.46 ± 0.32	5.783 ± 0.31∗	2.86 ± 0.19
Serum glutathione (GSH) mL/L	167 ± 5.23	145 ± 5.8	103 ± 4.9∗	159 ± 6.3
Oxidative stress in kidney homogenate at the end of the treatment period
MDA in nmol/g kidney tissue	65.4 ± 2.3	67.1 ± 2.6	83.2 ± 3.7	79.4 ± 5.8
GSH glutathione mg/g kidney tissue	98.5 ± 3.1	97.5 ± 2.8	89.5 ± 3.2	91.2 ± 2.6

The measurements were done at the end of the treatment period. Results are expressed as mean ± S.E.M. ∗, ‡, $, and @ indicate statistical significance as compared to control, F2, FG, and G groups, respectively (P < 0.05).