Table 3.
Glial response to neural grafting in in vivo models.
| References | Species | Condition | Cell type | Implantation site | Nature of the glial response |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| De Vocht et al., 2013 | Male FVB/NCrl mouse | Normal | Autologous mesenchymal stromal cells | Right hemisphere | M1-microglia and severe astrogliosis surrounding the graft (2 weeks post-tp) |
| Ma et al., 2013 | APP/PS1 double transgenic mouse | AD | Adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells | Hippocampus and cortex | Increased number of activated microglia in transplanted regions |
| Osman et al., 2013 | Mouse | Irradiated | Syngenic enteric neural stem/progenitor cells | Hippocampus | Microgliosis and astrogliosis associated with grafted cell clusters |
| Tripathy et al., 2013 | Male Sprague-Dawley rat | PD | Differentiated neurons from murine embryonic stem cells | Striatum | Increased expression of microglia-derived factors (CD11b and Iba1). Astrocytosis in the grafted region. Increase in GDNF |
| Mosher et al., 2012 | C57Bl/6J mouse | Normal | Mouse neural progenitor cells | Striatum | Increased number of Iba1+ microglia in transplanted regions |
| Praet et al., 2012 | C56Bl/6 mouse | Normal and cuprizone-treated | Neural stem cells | Below the capsula externa | Extensive invasion of GFAP+ astrocytes and Iba1+ microglia (few CD11b+) within graft sites. Astrocytic scar surrounding graft |
| Khoo et al., 2011 | Wistar Ob rat | PD (6-OHDA lesion) | Bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells (undifferentiated and neuronal-primed) | Striatum and substantia nigra | Iba-1+ microglia and GFAP+ astrocytes surrounding the grafts (7 days post-tp) |
| Coyne et al., 2006 | Female Sprague-Dawley rat | Normal | Allogeneic marrow stromal cells | Hippocampus or striatum | Massive infiltration of ED1+ microglia leading to graft rejection. Marked astrogliosis surrounding grafts |
| Muraoka et al., 2006 | Male Fischer 344 rat | Normal | Autologous vs. allogeneic neural stem cells | Hippocampus | Astrocyte and microglia reactivity in the host tissue (lower in autologous than in allogeneic tp) |
| Jiang et al., 1999 | Monkey | PD | Microencapsulated rat myoblasts transfected with the tyrosine hydroxylase gene | Striatum | No obvious gliosis around microcapsules |
| Dunnett et al., 1998 | R6/2 mouse | HD | Syngenic striatal cell suspension | Striatum | Modest astroglial reaction at the graft-host border |
| Pennell and Streit, 1997 | Rat | Normal | Embryonic neural cell suspension (whole, or microglial and endothelial cell-depleted) | Striatum | Ameboid microglial cells within grafts early post-tp. By 30 days post-tp, microglia display a resting phenotype within grafts |
| Barker et al., 1996 | Female Sprague-Dawley rat | PD (6-OHDA lesion) | Embryonic ventral mesencephalic tissue | Striatum | Transient astrogliosis and microglial reaction surrounding grafts |
| Kosno-Kruszewska et al., 1996 | Rat | Normal | Cryopreserved ventral mesencephalic tissue | Striatum | Similar glial scar in both grafted and sham-lesion conditions |
| Duan et al., 1995 | Female Sprague-Dawley rat | Normal | Dissociated embryonic ventral mesencephalic: (murine syngeneic, allogeneic, or xenogeneic) | Striatum | Similar reactions in syngeneic and allogeneic: activated microglia infiltration on day 4, decreasing at 6 weeks. More intense reaction in xenografts leading to rejection |
| Helm et al., 1993 | Female Rhesus macaque | HD (ibotenic acid lesion) | Monkey fetal neostriatal neurons | Striatum | Dense gliosis of degenerating grafts at 8 months post-tp |
Abbreviations: AD, Alzheimer's disease; GDNF, Glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor; HD, Huntington's disease; PD, Parkinson's disease; tp, transplantation; 6-OHDA, 6-hydroxydopamine.