Figure 1. Loss of SERF1 alters the transcriptional response of signaling components in leaves. Expression levels of (A) MAPK signaling genes and (B) calcium signaling-related genes were measured in leaves of wild-type and serf1 plants subjected to salt stress for 30 min or 3 h (100 mM NaCl). ACTIN (Os03g50885) was used as reference gene. Data represent means ± SE from 3 biological replicates. An asterisk (*) indicates a significant difference between treated and control plants (P ≤ 0.05; the Student t test). In the heat map the gene expression under H₂O₂ (5 mM), ABA (5 µM) or mannitol (100 mM) treatment is shown in log₂FC relative to the control situation with n = 3. Os06g43030 and Os07g43900 encode protein kinases. WT; wild type; FC, fold change.