Figure 2. Relative ADH1 expression in completely submerged shoots, submerged shoots below emerging leaves and emerging leaf tips of R. amphibia. Data points represent means ± standard errors (n = 4). ANOVA Tukey test HSD results are indicated with letters at P < 0.05. Submergence started 4 h after the onset of the photoperiod and experiments were continued in 9/15 h day/night regime. Gene expression was measured in 2 sets of plants: 1) completely submerged for 74 h, and 2) plants that established air contact for 2 h after 72 h of complete submergence (emerging leaf tips and below emerging leaf tips). 18S was used as an internal reference gene. Primer sequences for ADH1 and 18S rRNA genes were same as in Akman et al. 2012.