Table 2. Epidemiologic Studies Evaluating Intakes of fat and Risk of Advanced Prostate Cancer.

Author / Country	Sample Size	OR/RR (95% CI)*		P-trend	Confounders Adjusted for
Case-Control Studies
Slattery et.al., 1990 USA	352 Cases 674 Controls	Saturated fat - Adolescent	1.1 (0.6-1.9)		Adult risk estimates adjusted for age and adolescent HSF intake; adolescent risk estimates adjusted for age and adult HSF intake
		Saturated fat - Adult	1.8 (1.0-3.2)
Whittemore et. al., 1995 USA & Canada	1,655 cases 1,645 controls	Total Fat			Age, region of residence, and education
		Black	1.1 (0.57-2.20)	0.42
		White	1.8 (0.89-3.7)	0.36
		Chinese-Americans	2.6 (0.71-9.3)	0.38
		Japanese Americans	1.1 (0.47-2.50)	0.49
		All ethnic groups	1.5 (1.0- 2.2)	0.12
		Saturated Fat
		Black	1.4 (0.48-4.2)	0.08
		White	2.4 (0.72-7.7)	0.17
		Chinese-Americans	3.0 (0.20-45.7)	0.33
		Japanese Americans	8.7 (1.5-50.2)	0.02
		All ethnic groups	2.8 (1.5-5.2)	<0.01
Bairati et.al., 1998	427 Prostate cancer cases 142 advanced cases Controls (not reported)	Total fat	1.59 (0.87-2.91)		Age, energy intake, method of detection, and cancer treatment.
		Saturated fat	2.15 (1.14-4.04)
		Monounsaturated fat	1.30 (0.70-2.41)
		Polyunsaturated fat	0.68 (0.37-1.22)
		Linoleic acid	0.66 (0.36-1.20)
		Linolenic acid	1.04 (0.58 -1.89)
		Total vegetable fat	0.58 (0.32-1.03)
		Total animal fat	1.90 (1.04-3.48)
Hayes et.al., 1999 USA	932 cases (449 black & 483 white) 293 advanced cases 1,201 controls	Animal fat:			Age, study site, and intake of non-fat energy
		Black	3.1 (1.5-6.50)	0.006
		White	2.4 (1.1-5.50)	0.02
De Stefani et.al., 2000 Uruguay	217 advanced cases 430 controls	Total fat	1.33 (0.75-2.34)	0.32	Age, residence, urban/rural status, education, BMI, family history of prostate cancer in a first degree relative, and intake of energy, fruits, vegetables; further adjusted for saturated fat, monounsaturated fat, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid where applicable
		Saturated fat	1.44 (0.82-2.52)	0.45
		Monounsaturated fat	1.91 (0.60-6.02)	0.15
		Linoleic acid	0.69 (0.39-1.19)	0.05
		α-Linolenic acid	3.91 (1.50-10.1)	0.001
		Animal linolenic acid	2.98 (1.02-8.68)	0.007
		Vegetable linolenic acid	2.03 (1.01-4.07)	0.02
Agalliu et.al., 2011 Canada	Subcohort 1,979 661 cases 173 advanced cases 2 years of follow-up	Polyunsaturated fat	0.61 (0.34-1.06)	0.06	Age, race, BMI, exercise activity, and education
Cohort Studies
Wright et.al., 2011 Finland	27,111 subjects 1929 incident cases 438 advanced cases 21 years of follow-up	Phytanic acid	1.38 (1.02-1.89)	0.06	Smoking (dose and duration), trial intervention assignment, education, and intake of energy and fat
		Dairy fat	1.25 (0.93-1.66)	0.38

^*Highest vs. Lowest Categories.