Table 3.
Factors associated with VSE bacteraemia
| Factors associated with VSE bacteraemia | VSE cases (n = 116) | Controls (n = 116) |
Univariable |
Multivariable |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | p-value | OR | 95% CI | p-value | |||
| Age, median (IQR), years |
63.5 (51–76) |
58 (44–68) |
1.02 |
1.00-1.04 |
0.019 |
1.01 |
0.99-1.03 |
0.305 |
| Female |
44 (38) |
53 (46) |
0.74 |
0.44-1.23 |
0.243 |
|
|
|
| Transfer from another hospital |
21 (18) |
14 (12) |
1.64 |
0.77-3.46 |
0.198 |
|
|
|
| Unit of admission |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Non-haematology/oncology to read Non-haematology/oncology |
73 (63) |
49 (42) |
Reference |
Reference |
||||
| Haematology/oncology |
43 (37) |
67 (58) |
0.04 |
0.01-0.30 |
0.002 |
0.08 |
0.01-0.74 |
0.026 |
| ICU admission in prior 30 days |
29 (25) |
13 (11) |
2.60 |
1.25-5.39 |
0.010 |
1.71 |
0.52-5.58 |
0.373 |
| CDS-VRE score, median (IQR) |
0 (0–1) |
0 (0–1.6) |
0.89 |
0.66-1.20 |
0.446 |
|
|
|
|
Clostridium difficile toxin positive |
2 (2) |
1 (1) |
2.00 |
0.18-22.06 |
0.571 |
|
|
|
| Infection(s) due to pathogens other than Enterococci |
43 (37) |
34 (29) |
1.45 |
0.82-2.56 |
0.201 |
|
|
|
| Gastrointestinal disease |
64 (55) |
38 (33) |
3.00 |
1.60-5.62 |
0.001 |
2.29 |
1.05-4.99 |
0.037 |
| Liver disease |
13 (11) |
15 (13) |
0.71 |
0.23-2.25 |
0.566 |
|
|
|
| Haematological malignancy |
35 (30) |
63 (54) |
0.15 |
0.06-0.39 |
<0.001 |
0.40 |
0.12-1.33 |
0.134 |
| Bone marrow transplantation type | ||||||||
| Nil |
105 (91) |
100 (86) |
|
Reference |
Reference |
|||
| Autologous |
2 (2) |
7 (6) |
0.29 |
0.06-1.38 |
0.118 |
|
|
|
| Allogeneic |
9 (8) |
9 (8) |
1.00 |
0.38-2.66 |
1.000 |
|
|
|
| Ceftriaxone days, median (IQR), days |
0 (0–0.5) |
0 (0) |
1.10 |
0.99-1.24 |
0.088 |
|
|
|
| Third generation cephalosporin days , median (IQR), daysa |
0 (0–1) |
0 (0–0.49) |
1.03 |
0.94-1.13 |
0.523 |
|
|
|
| Fluoroquinolone days, median (IQR), daysb |
0 (0–1.04) |
0 (0–2.42) |
0.96 |
0.91-1.02 |
0.190 |
|
|
|
| Metronidazole days, median (IQR), days |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
1.23 |
1.06-1.43 |
0.007 |
1.23 |
1.02-1.48 |
0.032 |
| Ticarcillin-clavulanic acid days, median (IQR), days |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
1.02 |
0.93-1.11 |
0.711 |
|
|
|
| Piperacillin-tazobactam days, median (IQR), days |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0.89 |
0.79-1.00 |
0.054 |
|
|
|
| Meropenem days, median (IQR), days |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
1.00 |
0.92-1.08 |
0.934 |
|
|
|
| Vancomycin days, median (IQR), days |
0 (0–1.25) |
0 (0–2.18) |
0.97 |
0.92-1.03 |
0.343 |
|
|
|
| Neutropenia days, median (IQR), days |
0 |
0 (0–1) |
0.98 |
0.94-1.02 |
0.344 |
1.00 |
0.94-1.06 |
0.911 |
| Hypoalbuminaemia days, median (IQR), days |
7 (1–16) |
5 (1–13.5) |
1.01 |
0.98-1.05 |
0.479 |
1.00 |
0.95-1.05 |
0.888 |
| Central line use |
59 (51) |
55 (47) |
1.17 |
0.67-2.05 |
0.572 |
|
|
|
| Mechanical ventilation |
17 (15) |
7 (6) |
2.67 |
1.04-6.81 |
0.040 |
|
|
|
| Urinary catheter |
46 (40) |
27 (23) |
2.12 |
1.19-3.77 |
0.011 |
1.16 |
0.47-2.88 |
0.741 |
| Parenteral nutrition | 16 (14) | 8 (7) | 2.00 | 0.86-4.67 | 0.109 | |||
Note:
Data are number (%) of patients unless indicated otherwise.
aThird generation cephalosporins include cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, and ceftazidime.
bFluoroquinolones include moxifloxacin, norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin.