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. 2014 Jul 2;11:17. doi: 10.1186/1742-6405-11-17

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Copyright © 2014 Prottengeier et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Opioid-mediated reactivation of HIV is tightly linked to cellular necrosis. Latently-HIV-infected ACH-2 T lymphoblasts were cultured for 24 hours with of heroin in the presence or absence of glutathione. HIV replication was quantified by intracellular staining of HIV p24-antigen and flow cytometry (A). Cell viability was assessed by FSC/SSC-analysis in flow cytometry (B). Representative dot plots of cell viability analysis (C) and p24-expression (D) at different heroin concentrations. Pink rectangles on the right represent the gates for p24-positive cells and the small numbers within indicate the proportion (%) of p24-positive cells from the total number of events. Pink regions on the left represent the gates for living and necrotic cells and the small numbers within indicate the proportion (%) of events within the region from the total number of events.