Table 2.
Associations of maternal characteristics with childhood rhabdomyosarcoma
| Characteristic | Controls | Cases | ORa | 95% CI | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Using birth control when became pregnant, n (%) | 9 (3.1) | 13 (4.4) | 1.53 | 0.61–3.87 | 0.365 |
| Used fertility medications to help become pregnant, n (%) | 7 (7.2) | 5 (1.6) | 0.71 | 0.22–2.27 | 0.556 |
| Number of prenatal visits, n (%) | |||||
| <12 | 79 (25.8) | 66 (21.4) | 1.00 | Reference | |
| ≥12 | 227 (74.2) | 242 (78.6) | 1.16 | 0.77–1.76 | 0.476 |
| Amniocentesis | 12 (3.8) | 11 (3.5) | 0.90 | 0.33–2.44 | 0.835 |
| Spotting/cramping/abnormal vaginal bleeding, n (%) | 37 (11.8) | 67 (21.1) | 1.75 | 1.12–2.74 | 0.014 |
| High blood pressure during pregnancy, n (%) | 37 (11.8) | 28 (8.8) | 0.66 | 0.36–1.22 | 0.190 |
| Nausea or vomiting during pregnancy, n (%) | 160 (51.0) | 151 (47.5) | 0.84 | 0.59–1.18 | 0.308 |
| Anemia during pregnancy, n (%) | 46 (14.7) | 53 (16.8) | 1.27 | 0.81–1.99 | 0.306 |
| Cold or flu during pregnancy, n (%) | 101 (35.1) | 104 (34.7) | 1.02 | 0.70–1.48 | 0.927 |
| Ever used any birth control, n (%) | 226 (70.9) | 237 (74.3) | 1.45 | 0.96–2.18 | 0.078 |
| Stillbirths/miscarriages/abortions, n (%) | |||||
| 0 | 196 (68.3) | 195 (73.0) | 1.00 | Reference | |
| 1 | 70 (24.4) | 49 (18.4) | 0.84 | 0.51–1.39 | 0.504 |
| ≥2 | 21 (7.3) | 23 (8.6) | 1.05 | 0.52–2.14 | 0.893 |
OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval
a
Adjusted for sex, age, race, household income, and maternal and paternal education.