Table 1.
Demographic and medical characteristics of sample at baseline and one year
| Baseline
|
One year
|
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | Mean (SD); range | n (%) | Mean (SD); range | |
| Child age (years)a | – | 10.54 (0.94); 9.0–12.09 | – | 11.59 (0.97); 9.86–13.22 |
| Duration of diabetes (years) | – | 4.41 (2.46); 1–11 | – | 5.43 (2.49); 2–12 |
| Child gender | ||||
| Male | 109 (45.61) | – | 103 (45.6) | – |
| Female | 130 (54.39) | – | 123 (54.4) | – |
| Child ethnicity | ||||
| Non-Hispanic, Caucasian | 178 (74.5) | – | 171 (76) | – |
| Non-Hispanic, African-American | 11 (4.6) | – | 11 (4.9) | – |
| Non-Hispanic, multiple races | 13 (5.4) | – | 12 (5.3) | – |
| Non-Hispanic, other | 9 (3.8) | – | 5 (2.2) | – |
| Hispanic, Caucasian | 27 (11.3) | – | 25 (11.1) | – |
| Hispanic, other | 1 (0.4) | – | 1 (0.4) | – |
| Insulin regimen | ||||
| Conventional | 3 (1.3) | – | 7 (3.1) | – |
| Multiple daily injection | 104 (43.5) | – | 69 (30.5) | – |
| Pump | 126 (52.7) | – | 143 (63.3) | – |
| Pod | 6 (2.5) | – | 6 (2.7) | – |
| Maternal caregiver relationship | ||||
| Biological mother | 228 (97.4) | – | 207 (92) | – |
| Adoptive mother | 2 (0.9) | – | 2 (0.9) | – |
| Step-mother | 0 (0) | – | 1 (0.4) | – |
| Grandmother | 4 (1.7) | – | 4 (1.7) | – |
| Maternal caregiver educational level | ||||
| Unknown | – | 1 (0.5) | – | |
| Completed 9th–11th grade | – | 6 (2.8) | – | |
| High school diploma or equivalent | – | 37 (17.0) | – | |
| Some college | – | 51 (23.4) | – | |
| Associates degree | 31 (14.2) | |||
| Bachelor’s degree | – | 67 (30.7) | – | |
| Master’s degree | – | 22 (10.1) | – | |
| PhD/MD/JD degree | – | 3 (1.4) | – | |
a
Four children were recruited at age 11, but were not seen for baseline visits until after they turned 12 years of age due to study visit cancellations and reschedules