Table 2.
Maternal Demographics and Obstetric Characteristics Stratified by Type of Labor and Documentation of Station on Admission
| Spontaneous Labor (n = 2177) | Spontaneous Labor without Recorded Station (n = 946) | P | Induced Labor (n = 1841) | Induced Labor Without Recorded Station (n = 377) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fetal station | ||||||
| Ballotable | 59 (2.7) | 125 (6.8) | ||||
| − 3 | 414 (19.0) | 464 (25.2) | ||||
| − 2 | 573 (26.3) | 619 (33.6) | ||||
| − 1 | 942 (43.3) | 576 (31.3) | ||||
| 0 | 175 (8.0) | 55 (3.0) | ||||
| + 1 | 12 (0.6) | 2 (0.1) | ||||
| + 2 | 2 (0.1) | 0 | ||||
| Engaged | 189 (8.7) | 57 (3.1) | ||||
| Cervical dilation (cm) | 3.0 ± 1.2 | 1.7 ± 1.1 | ||||
| Active labor | 810 (37.2) | 110 (6.0) | ||||
| Membranes ruptured at or before admission | 716 (33.0) | 352 (37.4) | 0.02 | 375 (20.4) | 32 (8.5) | <0.001 |
| Elective induction | 374 (20.3) | 42 (11.1) | <0.001 | |||
| Pharmaceutical ripening agent | 492 (26.7) | 122 (32.4) | 0.03 | |||
| Gestational age (wk) | 39.7 ± 1.2 | 39.7 ± 1.3 | 0.32 | 40.0 ± 1.4 | 40.1 ± 1.4 | 0.03 |
| Race | <0.001 | <0.001 | ||||
| African-American | 804 (36.9) | 207 (21.9) | 566 (30.7) | 78 (20.7) | ||
| Caucasian | 1035 (47.5) | 412 (43.6) | 1058 (57.5) | 257 (68.2) | ||
| Other | 338 (15.5) | 327 (34.6) | 217 (11.8) | 42 (11.1) | ||
| Hispanic/Latino ethnicity | 498 (22.9) | 418 (44.2) | <0.001 | 323 (17.5) | 70 (18.6) | 0.64 |
| Married | 966 (44.4) | 440 (46.5) | 0.27 | 962 (52.3) | 231 (61.3) | 0.001 |
| Maternal age (y) | 22.9 ± 5.4 | 23.9 ± 5.9 | <0.001 | 23.6 ± 5.2 | 25.4 ± 6.2 | <0.001 |
| Maternal age ≥ 35 y | 92 (4.2) | 52 (5.5) | 0.12 | 69 (3.8) | 37 (9.8) | <0.001 |
| Prepregnancy BMI (kg/m2) | 24.9 ± 5.8 | 25.1 ± 5.8 | 0.29 | 26.4 ± 6.5 | 26.0 ± 6.4 | 0.27 |
| Obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) | 329 (15.6) | 141 (15.6) | 0.97 | 433 (24.2) | 82 (22.3) | 0.43 |
| Hypertension | 0.49 | 0.97 | ||||
| None | 2051 (94.2) | 899 (95.0) | 1434 (77.9) | 298 (79.1) | ||
| Gestational | 59 (2.7) | 23 (2.4) | 184 (10.0) | 36 (9.6) | ||
| Mild preeclampsia | 60 (2.8) | 19 (2.0) | 198 (10.8) | 38 (10.1) | ||
| Severe preeclampsia | 7 (0.3) | 5 (0.5) | 25 (1.4) | 5.0 (1.3) | ||
| Birth weight (g) | 3334 ± 436 | 3361 ± 441 | 0.15 | 3379 ± 493 | 3461 ± 502 | <0.001 |
| Birth weight ≥ 4000 g | 150 (6.9) | 76 (8.0) | 0.26 | 182 (9.9) | 50 (13.3) | 0.05 |
| “Open” oximetry group | 1057 (48.6) | 496 (52.4) | 0.05 | 901 (48.9) | 175 (46.4) | 0.37 |
Presented as n (%) or as mean ± standard deviation. BMI, body mass index.