15,000 hAoSMCs/cm2 were treated with or without heparin, and samples were harvested at 6 hrs, 24 hrs, 2 days, 4 days, and 6 days. RNA was extracted, reverse-transcribed, and qPCR was used to measure relative amounts of elastin mRNA expression. Each sample was normalized to GAPDH expression, then to elastin expression in the untreated sample at the corresponding time point. Results are given as delta-delta Ct values, and are the average of 3 independent experiments. Standard deviation indicated by error bars. Elastin mRNA levels rise, beginning at 24 hrs post-heparin treatment and remain elevated for the duration of the experiment.