Table 1.
Linoleic acid (LA), α-linolenic acid (ALA), arachidonic acid (AA), EPA and DHA present in 100 g portions of study-provided foods*
| Analysis | LA (g) | ALA (g) | AA (mg) | EPA (mg) | DHA (mg) | Diet group | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plant foods | |||||||
| Coconut oil, unrefined | SNN | 0·97 | 0·0 | NA | NA | NA | Both |
| Macadamia nut oil | SNN | 3·34 | 0·34 | NA | NA | NA | Both |
| Extra virgin olive oil (Trader Joe’s brand) | SNN | 6·21 | 0·65 | NA | NA | NA | Both |
| Macadamia nut oil vinaigrette† | FP | 0·38 | 0·04 | NA | NA | NA | Both |
| Italian vinaigrette (Kraft) | SNN | 2·72 | 0·89 | NA | NA | NA | Both |
| Fat-free mayonnaise | SNN | 1·05 | 0·15 | NA | NA | NA | Both |
| Flaxseed, ground | SNN | 5·15 | 15·42 | NA | NA | NA | Both |
| Popcorn, no added fat | SNN | 3·19 | 0·06 | NA | NA | NA | Both |
| Tortilla (Tunaro’s brand) | SNN | 0·84 | 0·16 | NA | NA | NA | Both |
| Crackers, low fat | USDA | 0·65 | 0·04 | NA | NA | NA | Both |
| Whole-wheat bread (Ninth Street Bakery) | SNN | 0·6 | 0·04 | NA | NA | NA | Both |
| Granola† | FP | 0·54 | 1·18 | NA | NA | NA | L6‡ |
| Granola with flaxseed† | FP | 0·97 | 2·12 | NA | NA | NA | H3-L6§ |
| Bean dip† | FP | 0·84 | 0·05 | NA | NA | NA | L6 |
| Bean dip with flaxseed† | FP | 0·55 | 1·1 | NA | NA | NA | H3-L6 |
| Muffins† | FP | 0·4 | 0·8 | NA | NA | NA | L6 |
| Muffins with flaxseed† | FP | 0·7 | 1·58 | NA | NA | NA | H3-L6 |
| Flaxseed granola bars (1)† | FP | 0·8 | 1·0 | NA | NA | NA | H3-L6 |
| Mozzarella cheese string | USDA | 0·34 | 0·14 | NA | NA | NA | Both |
| Blueberries, frozen | USDA | 0·17 | 0·11 | NA | NA | NA | Both |
| Vegetarian chili† | FP | 0·14 | 0·05 | NA | NA | NA | Both |
| Garbanzo beans | USDA | 0·49 | 0·02 | NA | NA | NA | Both |
| Black beans | USDA | 0·13 | 0·11 | NA | NA | NA | Both |
| Kidney beans | USDA | 0·11 | 0·08 | NA | NA | NA | Both |
| Mixed vegetables, frozen | USDA | 0·05 | 0·02 | NA | NA | NA | Both |
| Mixed fruit, frozen | USDA | 0·02 | 0·01 | NA | NA | NA | Both |
| Animal foods | |||||||
| Butter, salted | SNN | 2·98 | 0·38 | 0·18 | 0·04 | 0·04 | Both |
| Yogurt, low fat | USDA | 0·02 | 0·01 | NA | NA | NA | Both |
| Cod, filet | SNN | 0·01 | 0·0 | 0·01 | 0·05 | 0·12 | L6 |
| Tuna, low-fat chunk light | SNN | 0·01 | 0·0 | 0·03 | 0·02 | 0·18 | L6 |
| Grouper, filet | SNN | 0·0 | 0·0 | 0·02 | 0·01 | 0·13 | L6 |
| Shrimp | SNN | 0·05 | 0·0 | 0·01 | 0·05 | 0·07 | Both |
| Turkey, low fat | SNN | 0·15 | 0·02 | 0·05 | 0·0 | 0·01 | L6 |
| Wild salmon, filet | SNN | 0·02 | 0·01 | 0·01 | 0·14 | 0·43 | H3-L6 |
| Wild albacore tuna, canned (Vital choice brand) | SNN | 0·21 | 0·13 | 0·13 | 1·0 | 3·15 | H3-L6 |
| Wild salmon, canned (Vital choice brand) | SNN | 0·09 | 0·06 | 0·03 | 0·49 | 0·81 | H3-L6 |
| Trout, filet | SNN | 0·07 | 0·01 | 0·02 | 0·09 | 0·34 | H3-L6 |
| Swordfish, filet | SNN | 0·01 | 0·0 | 0·04 | 0·02 | 0·25 | H3-L6 |
| Tuna, steaks | SNN | 0·01 | 0·0 | 0·04 | 0·03 | 0·24 | H3-L6 |
SNN, Section on Nutritional Neurosciences, Laboratory of Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health; NA, not applicable; FP, ESHA Food Processor 10.6.0.0 (analyses labelled FP used a combination of United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and NIAAA data); USDA, USDA Nutrient Database for Standard Reference, version 21.
USDA SR21 nutrient values were used for diet calculations for foods with low absolute amounts and variability of n-6 LA. ESHA Food Processor 10.6.0.0 software was used to analyse study-provided recipes. To account for differences between study-provided foods and software values, values from direct fatty acid analysis of study foods were added to the database.
Indicates specially formulated foods supplied via the metabolic kitchen.
L6: average-n-3, low-n-6 diet.
H3-L6: high-n-3, low-n-6 diet.