Table 2.
Adjusted odds ratios (OR) of prevalent metabolic syndrome and its components by tertiles of plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration in the lifestyle and placebo arms of the Diabetes Prevention Program population.
| Metabolic syndrome | Metabolic syndrome components | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Large waist circumference | High blood pressure | High triglycerides | High fasting plasma glucose | Low HDL cholesterol | ||
| 25OHD concentration* | Prevalence (n/N) | Prevalence (n/N) | Prevalence (n/N) | Prevalence (n/N) | Prevalence (n/N) | Prevalence (n/N) |
| 1st tertile | 75.7 (504/666) | 86.8 (577/665) | 48.8 (325/666) | 40.2 (267/664) | 85.6 (570/666) | 62.8 (417/664) |
| 2nd tertile | 71.5 (477/667) | 79.5 (530/667) | 51.1 (341/667) | 49.3 (328/666) | 81.0 (540/667) | 57.7 (384/666) |
| 3rd tertile | 66.1 (441/667) | 72.7 (485/667) | 46.3 (309/667) | 49.3 (328/666) | 77.4 (516/667) | 50.2 (334/666) |
| OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | |
| 1st tertile | 1.00 ref | 1.00 ref | 1.00 ref | 1.00 ref | 1.00 ref | 1.00 ref |
| 2nd tertile | 0.82 (0.73, 0.91) | 0.73 (0.65, 0.81) | 0.90 (0.80, 1.01) | 1.12 (1.00, 1.26) | 0.76 (0.67, 0.86) | 0.83 (0.75, 0.93) |
| 3rd tertile | 0.63 (0.49, 0.81)2 | 0.49 (0.38, 0.63)2 | 0.78 (0.60, 1.03) | 1.30 (1.00, 1.68) | 0.54 (0.40, 0.71)2 | 0.66 (0.52, 0.84)2 |
| 1st tertile | 1.00 ref | 1.00 ref | 1.00 ref | 1.00 ref | 1.00 ref | 1.00 ref |
| 2nd tertile | 0.73 (0.65, 0.83) | 0.67 (0.58, 0.78) | 0.95 (0.84, 1.07) | 0.94 (0.85, 1.04) | 0.76 (0.67, 0.87) | 0.77 (0.69, 0.85) |
| 3rd tertile | 0.50 (0.38, 0.65)2 | 0.41 (0.29, 0.57)2 | 0.89 (0.68, 1.17) | 0.87 (0.69, 1.10) | 0.54 (0.40, 0.74)2 | 0.55 (0.43, 0.70)2 |
| 1st tertile | 1.00 ref | 1.00 ref | 1.00 ref | 1.00 ref | 1.00 ref | 1.00 ref |
| 2nd tertile | 0.73 (0.64, 0.84) | 0.66 (0.57, 0.78) | 0.95 (0.84, 1.08) | 0.94 (0.85, 1.03) | 0.76 (0.67, 0.88) | 0.77 (0.69, 0.85) |
| 3rd tertile | 0.49 (0.36, 0.67)2 | 0.40 (0.27, 0.57)2 | 0.89 (0.67, 1.19) | 0.86 (0.69, 1.07) | 0.54 (0.40, 0.74)2 | 0.55 (0.44, 0.69)2 |
| 1st tertile | 1.00 ref | 1.00 ref | 1.00 ref | 1.00 ref | 1.00 ref | 1.00 ref |
| 2nd tertile | 0.81 (0.71, 0.93) | 0.77 (0.64, 0.93) | 1.01 (0.88, 1.16) | 0.94 (0.85, 1.04) | 0.80 (0.70, 0.93) | 0.82 (0.74, 0.91) |
| 3rd tertile | 0.62 (0.45, 0.84)2 | 0.56 (0.36, 0.85)2 | 1.03 (0.76, 1.41) | 0.86 (0.68, 1.08) | 0.61 (0.44, 0.85)2 | 0.63 (0.50, 0.80)2 |
Results are presented for tertiles of plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (median [interquartile range] concentration, ng/mL, 1st tertile 12.1 [9.7,14.3]; 2nd tertile 20.3 [18.3, 22.7]; 3rd tertile 30.6 [27.5, 34.9]; odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (CI) of metabolic syndrome and its components in each of the two highest tertiles of plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration was compared with the lowest tertile by extrapolating the per unit change in estimated odds from the multivariate model; large waist circumference is defined as waist circumference ≥ 102 cm (male) and ≥ 88 cm (female); high blood pressure is defined as systolic blood pressure ≥ 130 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure > 85 mm Hg or current antihypertensive drug treatment in a patient with a history of hypertension; high triglycerides is defined as triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dL; high fasting plasma glucose is defined as fasting plasma glucose ≥ 100 mg/dL; low HDL is defined as HDL < 40 mg/dL in men and < 50 mg/dL in women; to convert plasma 25OHD concentration from ng/mL to nmol/L multiply by 2.459; to convert triglycerides from mg/dL to mmol/L multiply by 0.0113; to convert glucose from mg/dL to mmol/L multiply by 0.0555; to convert HDL- cholesterol from mg/dL to mmol/L multiply by 0.0259.
p-value for trend was less than 0.01.