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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Jul 10.
Published in final edited form as: Arthritis Rheum. 2013 Feb;65(2):408–417. doi: 10.1002/art.37768

Figure 6.

Figure 6

Additive effects of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and hedgehog proteins or antagonists of Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Primary cells were cultured for 4 days as monolayers in serum-free chemically defined medium with combined treatment of TGF-β1 and Sonic hedgehog (Shh), Indian hedgehog (Ihh), Sclerostin (SOST), or Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1). SZP accumulation in spent medium was quantified according to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Treatment with 1, 3 and 10 ng/ml of TGF-β1 stimulated SZP accumulation. Additional treatment with Shh (1 µg/ml), Ihh (1 µg/ml), SOST (1 µg/ml), and DKK-1 (0.3 µg/ml) stimulated further accumulation of SZP over and above TGF-β1 alone (Figures 6). Values are the mean ± standard deviations, with n=6 (*p<0.01 compared with the value of the control cultures (C)).