Table 1.
Composition of Bilea
| Water (~95%) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Bile/plasma ratio | ||
| Electrolytes Na K | ||
| Na | 141–165 mEq/L | ~1 |
| K | 2.7–6.7 mEq/L | ~1 |
| Cl | 77–117 mEq/L | ~1 |
| HCO3 | 12–55 mEq/L | ~1 |
| Ca | 2.5–6.4 mEq/L | ~1 |
| Mg | 1.5–3 mEq/L | ~1 |
| SO4 | 4–5 mEq/L | |
| PO4 | 1–2 mEq/L | |
| Organic anions | ||
| Bile salts | 3–45 mmol/L | >1 |
| Bilirubin | 1–2 mmol/L | >1 |
| Lipids | ||
| Cholesterol | 97–310 mg/dL | <1 |
| PC Steroid hormones, estrogen |
140–810 mg/dL | <1 |
| Proteins | <10 mg/mL | <1 |
| Plasma proteins | ||
| Albumin | <1 | |
| Haptoglobin | ||
| IgA | >1 | |
| Apo-transferrin | >1 | |
| Pheromones | ||
| Prolactin | ||
| Insulin | ||
| Hepatocyte proteins | ||
| Alkaline phosphatase | <1 | |
| Acid phosphatase | <1 | |
|
N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase β-glucuronidase |
<1 | |
| β-galactosidase | <1 | |
| 5′-nucleotidase | <1 | |
| 80-kd secretory component of pIgA receptor | >1 | |
| Peptides and amino acids | ||
| GSH | 3–5 mmol/L | >1 |
| GSSG | 0–5 mmol/L | >1 |
| Cystinyl glycine | >1 | |
| Glutamic acid | 0.8–2.5 mmol/L | >1 |
| Cysteine | ||
| FGF19 | >1 | |
| Aspartic acid | 0.4–1.1 mmol/L | >1 |
| Glycine | 0.6–2.6 mmol/L | >1 |
| Nucleotides | ||
| ATP | 0.1–6 μmol/L | |
| ADP | 0.1–5 μmol/L | |
| AMP | 0.06–5 μ mol/L | |
| Heavy metals | ||
| Cu | 2.8 mg/L | >1 |
| Mn | 0.2 mg/L | >1 |
| Fe | < 1mg/L | >1 |
| Zn | 0.2–0.3 mg/L | >1 |
| Vitamins | ||
| 25-OH vitamin D | ||
| Cyanocobalamin | 15–200 μg/L | |
| Riboflavin | ||
| Folate | 4–60 μg/L |
a
Values are from measurements in human or rodent bile.
NOTE: Modified from Ref. (73) with permission. (Boyer JL. Mechanisms of bile secretion and hepatic transport. In: Andreoli TE, Hoffman JF, Fanestil DD, Schultz SG, eds. Physiology of membrane disorders. New York: Plenum Publishing, 1986:609–636, with permission.)