Table I.
EC50 of DU-145 and PC-3.
| Flavonol | EC50 values in DU-145 cells | Flavonol | EC50 values in PC-3 cells |
|---|---|---|---|
| Quercetin | 39.11±2.87a | Quercetin | 32.87±4.10e |
| Kaempferol | 38.35±1.94a | Kaempferol | 33.29±2.96e |
| Galangin (H-flavonol 5f) | 25.94±0.59b | Galangin (H-flavonol 5f) | 17.11±1.29f |
| Kaempferide | 19.82±0.50c | Kaempferide | 14.88±0.78g |
| 4′-Benzoyl flavonol (5b) | 16.61±0.70c | 3′-Iodo flavonol (5c) | 10.54±0.72h |
| 3′-Benzoyl flavonol (5a) | 14.81±0.71c | 4′-Benzoyl flavonol (5b) | 9.97±0.36h |
| 3′-Iodo flavonol (5c) | 14.53±1.02c | 4′-Methyl flavonol (5e) | 9.89±1.24h |
| 4′-Methyl flavonol (5e) | 14.30±0.53c | 3′-Benzoyl flavonol (5a) | 9.31±0.58h |
| 4′-Iodo flavonol (5d) | 7.51±0.27d | 3′-Phenyl flavonol (8c) | 6.35±0.26i |
| 3′-Phenyl flavonol (8c) | 6.33±0.58d | 4′-Phenyl flavonol (8d) | 5.40±0.63j |
| 4′-Phenyl flavonol (8d) | 5.57±0.60d | 4′-Iodo flavonol (5d) | 4.13±0.16k |
EC50 values (μM) are mean ± SEM of 3 independent experiments except for 4′-methyl flavonol in PC-3 cells in which the mean reflects 4 independent experiments. For all flavonols P<0.05. Tukey’s multiple comparison tests determined statistical differences between the EC50 values for each flavonol after ANOVA. DU-145: a, Quercetin and kaempferol are different from groups b, c and d, but not from each other. b, Galangin is different from all other compounds. c, These flavonols are different from groups a, b and d, but not from each other. d, The 4′-iodo and the 3′- and 4′-phenyl flavonols are different than group a, b and c, but not from each other. PC-3: e, Quercetin and kaempferol are different from groups f, g, h, i, j and k, but not from each other. f, Galangin is different from groups e, j and k as well as 4′-methyl flavonol, but not from kaempferide, 3′-iodo and 4′-benzoyl flavonols. g, Kaempferide is different from group e, j and k, but not galangin, 3′-iodo, 4′-benzoyl and 4′-methyl flavonols. h, 3′- and 4′-benzoyl, 4′-methyl and 3′-iodo flavonols are the same as all flavonols except for quercetin, kaempferol and galangin. i, 3′-phenyl flavonol is the same as all flavonols except for group e and galangin and kaempferide. j, 4′-phenyl flavonol is different from all flavonols except for 3′-benzoyl, 3′-phenyl and 4′-iodo flavonols. k, 4′-iodo flavonol is different from all flavonols except 3′- and 4′-phenyl flavonols.