Figure 4.

Metformin inhibits stem cell signaling related genes in EC cells. (A) Immunoblots were done with antibodies against SOX9, Shh and YAP1 in eight esophageal cancer cell lines and two immortalized Barrett’s cell lines (CP-A and CP-C). (B) SKGT-4 cells were treated with 5 or 10 mM metformin for 24 h and immunoblots were done with the antibodies indicated in part B. (C and D) Yes-6 and JHESO cells were cotransfected with Jagged1 and SOX9 luciferase reporter and pCH110 and then challenged with metformin at indicated dosage. Luciferase reporter activity was measured after 24 h. Columns, mean of at least three independent experiments; bars, SD.