Table 1.
Ingredients and chemical composition of experimental diets
| Items | CON | T1 | T2 | T3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ingredients (DM basis, %) | ||||
| Timothy hay | 9.68 | 9.19 | 8.71 | 8.03 |
| Klein hay | 4.84 | 4.60 | 4.35 | 4.11 |
| Alfalfa hay | 4.84 | 4.60 | 4.35 | 4.11 |
| Oat hay | 3.23 | 3.07 | 2.91 | 2.74 |
| Cottonseed whole | 4.84 | 4.60 | 4.35 | 4.11 |
| Beet pulp | 3.23 | 3.07 | 2.91 | 2.74 |
| Brewers grain, wet | 9.68 | 9.19 | 8.71 | 8.23 |
| Corn, Flake | 3.23 | 3.07 | 2.91 | 2.74 |
| Rice straw | 3.23 | 3.07 | 2.91 | 2.74 |
| Commercial feed (CP 19.5%, TDN 73%) | 30.7 | 29.1 | 27.7 | 26.0 |
| Water | 22.5 | 21.4 | 20.3 | 19.2 |
| AFF | 5 | 10 | 15 | |
| Total | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
| Chemical or calculated composition (DM basis) | ||||
| Dry matter (%) | 63.7 | 62.0 | 60.8 | 59.2 |
| NEL (Mcal/kg) | 1.67 | 1.69 | 1.69 | 1.72 |
| TDN (%) | 63.1 | 64.0 | 64.6 | 65.5 |
| CP (%) | 16.7 | 16.5 | 16.4 | 16.3 |
| EE (%) | 4.94 | 4.92 | 4.90 | 4.87 |
| Ash (%) | 7.48 | 7.39 | 7.33 | 7.24 |
| NDF (%) | 43.4 | 42.3 | 41.6 | 40.5 |
| ADF (%) | 24.7 | 23.8 | 23.4 | 22.7 |
| NSC (%) | 28.1 | 29.4 | 30.2 | 31.5 |
| UIP (%) | 32.4 | 33.0 | 33.4 | 34.1 |
| SIP (%) | 21.4 | 21.2 | 21.0 | 20.7 |
| Forage (%) | 46.8 | 45.1 | 44.0 | 42.3 |
| Ca (%) | 0.74 | 0.72 | 0.71 | 0.68 |
| P (%) | 0.38 | 0.38 | 0.38 | 0.37 |
| Alcohol (%) | 0.60 | 1.20 | 1.80 | |
T1 = Fed TMR supplemented with alcohol-fermented feeds (AFF) at a level of 5% of the TMR; T2 = Fed TMR supplemented with AFF at a level of 10% of the TMR; T3 = Fed TMR supplemented with AFF at a level of 15% of the TMR; NEL = Net energy for lactation; TDN = Total digestible nutrition; UIP = Un-degraded intake protein; SIP = Soluble intake protein; NDF = Neutral detergent fiber; NDFF = NDF from forage; ADF = Acid detergent fiber; NSC = Non-structure carbohydrates.