. 2012 May 1;25(5):690–700. doi: 10.5713/ajas.2011.11451

Table 3.

NH₃-N concentration in gas and liquid phase, and H₂S concentration (mg/L) in gas phase from pig in vitro fermentation using soluble starch and FAs at different stages

Incubation time (h)	Treatment

	Control	FA1	FA2	FA3	FA4
NH₃-N concentration in gas phase
12 h	200^a±0	199.67^a±0.33	78.33^c±0.33	147^b±0.58	ND
24 h	154^a±0	65.33^b±0.33	ND	29.67^c±0.33	ND
NH₃-N concentration in liquid phase
12 h	3.03^a±0.03	3.56^a±0.33	2.54^b±0.43	2.75^b±0.15	0.68^c±0.1
24 h	3.27^a±0.25	3.68^a±0.4	3.06^a±0.44	2.85^b±0.03	0.88^c±0.05
H₂S concentration in gas phase
12 h	280.33^b±0.33	291.3^a±0.33	291.67^a±0.33	291.675^a±0.33	25.67^c±0.33
24 h	288.67^b±0.33	292.33^a±0.33	19.33^c±0.33	ND	ND

Values are the mean±SE. Means with different superscripts (^a,b,c) in the same row are significantly different (p<0.05). Control = Salt media+feces+1% soluble starch and FA1–FA4 = Inoculation with 0.1 g or 0.1 ml of different feed additives in fecal slurry and soluble starch; FA1 = Ginseng meal powder; FA2 = Persimmon leaf powder; FA3 = Gingko nut powder; FA4 = Oregano lippia (OL).