Table 5.
Nitrite, nitrate and sulfate concentration (mg/L) from pig in vitro fermentation using soluble starch and FAs at 24 h
| Indirect compound | Treatments | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||||
| Control | FA1 | FA2 | FA3 | FA4 | |
| NO2− | 0.11b±0.0 | 0.056b±0.0 | 0.11b±0.0 | 0.11b±0.0 | 0.24a±0.08 |
| NO3− | 274.27b±9.53 | 265.47b±8.65 | 275.01b±15.18 | 282.94b±15.97 | 386.87a±12.24 |
| SO4− − | 479.91b±11.03 | 484.39b±7.29 | 487.72b±1.57 | 516.47a±9.08 | 525.53a±2.51 |
Values are the mean±SE.
a, b
Means within row with different superscripts differ (p<0.05); Control = Salt media+feces+1% soluble starch and FA1–FA4 = Inoculation with 0.1 g or ml of different FAs in 100 ml fecal slurry and 1 g soluble starch; FA1 = Ginseng meal powder; FA2 = Persimmon leaf powder; FA3 = Gingko nut powder; FA4 = Oregano lippia (OL); Unit used for NO2, NO3 and SO4 content are mg/L or ppm; In case of standard and equation used for NO2, NO3 and SO4 determination were y = 0.018x−0.001 (R2 = 0.994), y = 0.005x−0.0057 (R2 = 0.9973), and y = 0.0032x+0.0043 (R2 = 0.9911), respectively.