. 2014 Jan 1;27(1):36–45. doi: 10.5713/ajas.2013.13298

Table 4.

Effect of protein source with roughage to concentrate ratio on ruminal microorganism

Protein source¹	R:C² ratio	Total direct count (cell/mL)			Real-time PCR technique (copies/mL of incubation)

		Bacteria (×10⁷)	Protozoa (×10⁵)	Fungal zoospores (×10⁵)	Protozoa (×10⁵)	Total bacteria (×10⁹)	Methanogens (×10⁶)	F. succinogenes (×10⁷)	R. flavefaciens (×10⁶)	R. albus (×10⁶)
YEFECAP	80:20	5.5^ef	1.8^b	2.8^ef	2.8^ab	3.8^bcd	2.6^ab	5.1^a	5.9^a	5.1^a
	60:40	7.6^bcd	1.7^b	4.0^cde	2.5^ab	4.4^ab	2.4^abc	4.3^ab	4.6^b	4.0^ab
	40:60	10.8^a	1.7^b	6.2^a	1.8^b	4.9^a	1.6^cd	3.1^cd	3.1^cd	3.1^bcd
	20:80	9.3^ab	2.1^b	5.8^a	1.9^ab	3.5^cde	1.8^cd	2.2^de	2.3^e	1.9^de
	0:100	7.9^bc	3.0^a	5.0^abcd	2.1^ab	1.5^f	1.1^d	0.8^f	0.8^f	0.5^f
SBM	80:20	4.3^f	1.8^b	2.6^f	3.2^a	3.3^de	2.9^a	4.3^ab	3.8^bc	3.6^bc
	60:40	5.8^def	1.9^b	3.9^de	2.8^ab	3.8^cd	2.6^ab	3.8^bc	2.8^de	2.6^cde
	40:60	7.9^bc	2.0^b	5.3^ab	2.0^ab	4.2^bc	1.7^cd	2.9^cd	2.0^e	2.1^de
	20:80	6.9^cde	2.2^b	5.2^abc	2.2^ab	3.0^e	1.9^bcd	1.8^e	1.1^f	1.5^ef
	0:100	5.0^ef	3.3^b	4.2^bcd	2.4^ab	1.2^f	1.2^d	0.5^f	0.5^f	0.6^f
SEM		0.59	0.26	0.37	0.38	0.19	0.24	0.31	0.25	0.35
Comparison
Protein source¹		^**	ns	ns	ns	^**	ns	^*	^**	^**
R:C ratio²		^**	^**	^**	^**	^**	^**	^**	^**	^**
Interaction		ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	^*	ns
Orthogonal polynomial
R:C (linear)		^**	^**	^**	^*	^**	^**	^**	^**	^**
R:C (quadratic)		^**	^**	^**	ns	^**	ns	ns	ns	ns
R:C (cubic)		ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns	ns

^a–f

Value on the same row with different superscripts differ (p<0.05),

p<0.05,

^**

p<0.01.

ns = Non-significant, SEM = Standard error of the mean.

PS = Protein source in concentrate.

R:C = Roughage:concentrate ratio.