Table 1.
Studies investigating the presence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in polycystic ovary syndrome patients by biochemical and/or ultrasound evaluation
| Ref. | Patients (n) | Obese patients | PCOS diagnostic criteria | NAFLD laboratory diagnosis | NAFLD ECHO diagnosis |
| Schwimmer et al[67] | 70 | 74% | NIH | 30%1 | - |
| Setji et al[68] | 200 | ND | NIH | 15% | 100%2 |
| Cerda et al[72] | 41 | 58.5% | Rotterdam | 39% | 41.5% |
| Gambarin-Gelwan et al[83] | 88 | 42% | NIH | 15%3 | 55% |
| Preiss et al[94] | 66 | 100% | Rotterdam | 36% | - |
| Economou et al[74] | 83 | 45%4 | NIH | 12% | - |
| Barfield et al[69] | 39 | 100% | Rotterdam | 15.4% | - |
| Markou et al[75] | 17 | 0 | Rotterdam | 0% | 0% |
| Vassilatou et al[73] | 57 | 36.8% | AES | 22.8% | 36.8% |
| Tan et al[79] | 186 | 53.7% | AES | 28.7% | - |
| Chen et al[76] | 279 | ND | Rotterdam | 20.9% | 61.4%5 |
| Lerchbaum et al[77] | 611 | 24.8% | NIH | 19.2% | - |
| Gangale et al[71] | 140 | ND | Rotterdam | 57.8% | 57.8% |
| Ma et al[84] | 117 | ND | Rotterdam | ND | 39.3% |
| Zueff et al[85] | 45 | 100% | Rotterdam | - | 73.3% |
1
Elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels;
2
ECHO evaluation in a subgroup: 16/29 patients with elevated aminotransferase levels;
3
Laboratory evaluation in a subgroup: all patients with ECHO findings of hepatic steatosis;
4
Obese and overweight patients were reported in the same subgroup;
5
ECHO evaluation in patients with elevated ALT levels. ND: Not defined; NIH: National Institutes of Health; AES: Androgen Excess Society.