Table 1.

Published studies on the association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and cardiovascular disease

Ref.	Population sample size	Diagnosis methods	Outcomes	Main results
Targher et al[9]	702 patients with T2 DM	Liver ultrasound	AF	NAFLD is strongly associated with an increased prevalence of persistent and permanent AF in patients with T2 DM
Lu et al[8]	7042 participants	Liver ultrasound and CT	c-IMT and CAD	NAFLD was significantly associated with cardiovascular outcomes independent of conventional risk factors
Defilippis et al[10]	3362 subjects aged 45-84 yr	CT	Atherogenic dyslipidemia	CT-diagnosed NAFLD was associated with atherogenic dyslipidemia even after adjustment for several metabolic risk factors
Feitosa et al[11]	2756 subjects	CT and elevated ALT	CHD	FL and ALT (> 40 U/L) were each individually associated with prevalent CHD. However, when accounting for traditional metabolic risk factors in a multivariate model FL and no predictive value for CHD
Akin et al[12]	157 obese patients	Liver ultrasound	c-IMT	Obese patients with NAFLD had markedly increased c-IMT than those without NAFLD
Catena et al[14]	68 patients with essential hypertension	Liver ultrasound	AASI	In hypertensive patients, AASI and symmetric AASI were higher than in normotensive subjects (P < 0.001), but both indices of vascular stiffness were comparable in patients with and without NAFLD
Colak et al[15]	51 patients in study group and 21 in control group	Liver biopsy	c-IMT	C-IMT was significantly higher in patients with NAFLD group(P < 0.001)

T2 DM: Type 2 diabetes mellitus; AF: Atrial fibrillation; c-IMT: Carotid intima media thickness; FT: Fatty liver; CHD: Coronary heart disease; CAD: Coronary atherogenic dyslipidemia; AASI: Ambulatory arterial stiffness index.