Table 10.
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided ethanol injection of abdominal solid and cystic tumors
| Ref. | Design | Indications | Lesion size (mm) | Techniques | Clinical success | Complications |
| Gan et al[187] | PS | Pancreatic cystic lesions (n = 25) | 6-30 | Ethanol | 35% | None |
| Oh et al[185] | PS | Pancreatic cystic lesions (n = 14) | 17-52 | Ethanol and paclitaxel | 79% | 1 acute pancreatitis |
| 6 hyperamylasemia | ||||||
| 1 abdominal pain | ||||||
| Oh et al[182] | PS | Septated pancreas cysts (n = 10) | 20-68 | Ethanol and paclitaxel | 60% | 1 acute pancreatitis |
| DeWitt et al[183] | RCT | Pancreatic cystic lesions (n = 42) | 10-58 | Ethanol vs saline | 33% | 1 acute pancreatitis |
| 5 abdominal pain | ||||||
| 1 cystic bleeding | ||||||
| DeWitt et al[184] | PS | Pancreatic cystic lesions (n = 12) | 10-50 | Ethanol | 75% at follow-up | - |
| Oh et al[186] | PS | Pancreatic cystic lesions (n = 52) | 17-68 | Ethanol and paclitaxel | 62% | 1 acute pancreatitis |
| 1 abdominal pain | ||||||
| 1 fever | ||||||
| 1 splenic vein thrombosis | ||||||
| DiMaio et al[189] | RS | Pancreatic cystic lesions (n = 13) | 20.1 ± 7.1 | Ethanol (single/multi) | 38% | 1 abdominal pain |
| Oh et al[190] | RS | Pancreatic cystic lesions (n = 1) | 5.2 | Ethanol 99% 28 mL + paclitaxel | Failure, underwent surgery | Portal vein thrombosis |
| Jurgensen et al[192] | RS | Pancreatic NET (n = 1) | 13 | Ethanol 95% 8 mL | Complete remission | Pain + lipase increase |
| Muscatiello et al[193] | RS | Pancreatic NET (n = 1) | 11 and 7 | Ethanol 40% 2 mL | No recurrence at 18 mo | Small pancreatic necrosis |
| Deprez et al[194] | RS | Pancreatic NET (n = 1) | 13 | Ethanol 98% 3.5 mL | Complete remission | Hematoma and duodenal ulcer |
| Vleggaar et al[195] | RS | Pancreatic NET (n = 1) | 10 | Ethanol 96% 0.3 mL | Asymptomatic at 6 mo | None |
| Levy et al[191] | RS | Pancreatic NET (n = 5) | 8-21 | Ethanol 95-99% 0.1-3 mL | 60% symptoms resolution | None |
| Barclay et al[196] | RS | Solid Hepatic Metastasis (n = 1) | 33 | Ethanol 98% 6 mL | Good condition at 5.5 yr | Liver hematoma |
| Gunter et al[197] | RS | GI stromal tumor (n = 1) | 40 | Ethanol 95% | Complete remission | Abdominal pain |
| 1.5 mL | Mucosal ulceration | |||||
| Hu et al[198] | RS | Liver metastasis (n = 1) | 35 | Ethanol 100% 10 mL | Local control and decrease in size | Fever |
| Artifon et al[199] | RS | Left adrenal metastasis (n = 1) | 50 | Ethanol 98% 15 mL | Palliation of related pain | None |
| DeWitt et al[200] | RS | Metastatic lymph node (n = 1) | 10-11 | Ethanol | Locally successful | None |
| 4 + 2 mL | ||||||
| Total (cystic lesion) | 8 studies | 169 patients | 6-68 | - | 60% (33%-79%) | - |
RCT: Randomized controlled trial; PS: Prospective study; RS: Retrospective study; NR: Not reported; NET: Neuroendocrine tumor.