Table 11.

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided tumor ablation

Ref.	Design	Indications	Techniques	Type	Tumor response	Complications
Chang et al[202]	PS	Pancreatic cancer (n = 8)	Injection	Cytoimplant	2 partial;	None
					1 minor
Hecht et al[203]	PS	Pancreatic cancer (n = 21)	Injection	ONYX-015 + iv gemcitabine	2 partial;	2 sepsis
					2 minor;	2 duodenal perforations
					6 stable;
					11 progression
Chang et al[211]	RS	Pancreatic cancer (n = 1)	Injection	TNFerade + chemoradiotx	Surgical resection	None
Hecht et al[205]	PS	Pancreatic cancer (n = 50)	Injection (27 EUS-guided)	TNFerade + chemoradiotx	1 complete;	6 GI bleeding
					3 partial;	6 deep vein thrombosis
					4 minor;	2 pulmonary embolism
					12 stable	2 pancreatitis
						6 cholangitis
Irisawa et al[204]	PS	Pancreatic cancer (n = 7)	Injection	Immature dendritic cells	2 mixed;	None
					2 stable;
					3 progressive
Hanna et al[207]	PS	Pancreatic cancer (n = 9)	Injection (6 EUS-guided)	BC-819 + chemoradiotx	2 surgically resectable;	None
					3 partial
Chang et al[206]	PS	Esophageal cancer (n = 24)	Injection	TNFerade	6 complete;	5 thromboembolic events (highest dose)
					2 stable
Arcidiacono[208]	PS	Pancreatic cancer (n = 22)	Cryothermal Ablation	EUS-CTP	6 partial response (only 6 patients analyzed)	3 hyperamylasemia
Maier et al[212]	PS	Head/neck cancer (n = 21)	Brachytx	Ir-192 needles	4 full;	None
					15 partial;
					3 none
Lah et al[213]	RS	Metastatic celiac lymph nodes (n = 1)	Brachytx	I-125 seeds	Response	None
Martinez-Monge et al[214]	RS	Metastatic mediastinal lymph node (n = 1)	Brachytx	I-125 seeds	Response	None
Sun et al[209]	PS	Pancreatic cancer (n = 15)	Brachytx	I-125 seeds	4 partial;	1 site infection
					3 minor;	3 hematologic side effects
					5 stable;
					3 progressive
Jin et al[210]	PS	Pancreatic cancer (n = 22 )	Brachytx	I-125 seeds	4 partial;	1 seed migration
					10 stable

RCT: Randomized controlled trial; PS: Prospective study; RS: Retrospective study; NR: Not reported; CTP: Cryothermal probe; GI: Gastrointestinal.